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''Arctostaphylos'' (;〔''Sunset Western Garden Book,'' 1995:606–607〕 ''arkto'' bear + ''staphyle'' grape) is a genus of plants comprising the manzanitas and bearberries. They are shrubs or small trees. There are about 60 species of ''Arctostaphylos'', ranging from ground-hugging arctic, coastal, and mountain species to small trees up to 6 m tall. Most are evergreen (one species deciduous), with small oval leaves 1–7 cm long, arranged spirally on the stems. The flowers are bell-shaped, white or pale pink, and borne in small clusters of 2-20 together; flowering is in the spring. The fruit are small berries, ripening in the summer or autumn. The berries of some species are edible. ''Arctostaphylos'' species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including ''Coleophora arctostaphyli'' (which feeds exclusively on ''A. uva-ursi'') and ''Coleophora glaucella''. ==Taxonomy== According to Philip V. Wells in ''The Jepson Manual'' and other sources, there are two subgenera of ''Arctostaphylos'': * Subgenus ''Micrococcus'' * * Sect. ''Micrococcus'' * * * ''Arctostaphylos mendocinoensis'' Pygmy Manzanita * * * ''Arctostaphylos myrtifolia'' Ione Manzanita * * * ''Arctostaphylos nissenana'' Nissenan Manzanita * * * ''Arctostaphylos nummularia'' Glossyleaf Manzanita * Subgenus ''Arctostaphylos'', which has 3 sections: * * Sect. ''Arctostaphylos'' * * * ''Arctostaphylos alpina'' Alpine Bearberry * * * ''Arctostaphylos bakeri'' Baker's Manzanita * * * ''Arctostaphylos densiflora'' Sonoma Manzanita * * * ''Arctostaphylos edmundsii'' Little Sur Manzanita * * * ''Arctostaphylos franciscana'' Franciscan Manzanita * * * ''Arctostaphylos gabrielensis'' San Gabriel Manzanita * * * ''Arctostaphylos glauca'' Bigberry Manzanita * * * ''Arctostaphylos hispidula'' Gasquet Manzanita * * * ''Arctostaphylos hookeri'' Hooker's Manzanita * * * ''Arctostaphylos insularis'' Island Manzanita * * * ''Arctostaphylos klamathensis'' Klamath Manzanita * * * ''Arctostaphylos manzanita'' Common Manzanita * * * ''Arctostaphylos mewukka'' Indian Manzanita * * * ''Arctostaphylos nevadensis'' Pinemat Manzanita * * * ''Arctostaphylos parryana'' Parry Manzanita * * * ''Arctostaphylos patula'' Greenleaf Manzanita * * * ''Arctostaphylos pumila'' Sandmat Manzanita * * * ''Arctostaphylos pungens'' Pointleaf Manzanita * * * ''Arctostaphylos rudis'' Shagbark Manzanita * * * ''Arctostaphylos stanfordiana'' Stanford's Manzanita * * * ''Arctostaphylos uva-ursi'' Bearberry * * * ''Arctostaphylos viscida'' Sticky Manzanita * * Sect. ''Foliobracteata'' * * * ''Arctostaphylos andersonii'' Santa Cruz Manzanita * * * ''Arctostaphylos auriculata'' Mount Diablo Manzanita * * * ''Arctostaphylos canescens'' Hoary Manzanita * * * ''Arctostaphylos catalinae'' Santa Catalina Island Manzanita * * * ''Arctostaphylos columbiana'' Hairy Manzanita * * * ''Arctostaphylos confertiflora'' Santa Rosa Island Manzanita * * * ''Arctostaphylos cruzensis'' La Cruz Manzanita * * * ''Arctostaphylos glandulosa'' Eastwood Manzanita * * * ''Arctostaphylos glutinosa'' Schreiber's Manzanita * * * ''Arctostaphylos hooveri'' Hoover's Manzanita * * * ''Arctostaphylos imbricata'' San Bruno Mountain Manzanita * * * ''Arctostaphylos luciana'' Santa Lucia Manzanita * * * ''Arctostaphylos malloryi'' Mallory's Manzanita * * * ''Arctostaphylos montaraensis'' Montara Manzanita * * * ''Arctostaphylos montereyensis'' Monterey Manzanita * * * ''Arctostaphylos morroensis'' Morro Manzanita * * * ''Arctostaphylos nortensis'' Del Norte Manzanita * * * ''Arctostaphylos obispoensis'' Serpentine Manzanita * * * ''Arctostaphylos osoensis'' Oso Manzanita * * * ''Arctostaphylos otayensis'' Otay Manzanita * * * ''Arctostaphylos pajaroensis'' Pajaro Manzanita * * * ''Arctostaphylos pallida'' Pallid Manzanita * * * ''Arctostaphylos pechoensis'' Pecho Manzanita * * * ''Arctostaphylos pilosula'' La Panzo Manzanita * * * ''Arctostaphylos purissima'' La Purissima Manzanita * * * ''Arctostaphylos refugioensis'' Refugio Manzanita * * * ''Arctostaphylos regismontana'' Kings Mountain Manzanita * * * ''Arctostaphylos silvicola'' Bonny Doon Manzanita * * * ''Arctostaphylos tomentosa'' Woolyleaf Manzanita * * * ''Arctostaphylos virgata'' Bolinas Manzanita * * * ''Arctostaphylos viridissima'' Whitehair Manzanita * * * ''Arctostaphylos wellsii'' Wells' Manzanita * * Sect. ''Pictobracteata'' * * * ''Arctostaphylos pringlei'' Pringle Manzanita * Unassigned * * ''Arctostaphylos rainbowensis'' Rainbow Manzanita * * ''Arctostaphylos gabilanensis'' Gabilan Manzanita * * ''Arctostaphylos ohloneana'' Ohlone Manzanita ;Synonyms *''Arctostaphylos bicolor'' is generally considered ''Xylococcus bicolor'' *''Arctostaphylos crustacea'' is generally considered ''Arctostaphylos tomentosa'' ssp. ''crustacea'' See also the closely related genus ''Comarostaphylis'', previously often included in ''Arctostaphylos''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Arctostaphylos」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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