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Ardi
Ardi (ARA-VP-6/500) is the designation of the fossilized skeletal remains of an ''Ardipithecus ramidus'', believed to be an early human-like 4.4 million years old. It is the most complete early hominid specimen, with most of the skull, teeth, pelvis, hands and feet, more complete than the previously known ''Australopithecus afarensis'' specimen called "Lucy." In all, 110 different pieces of fossilized bone were found.
== Description ==
Ardi weighed about 50 kg (110 lb) and could be up to 120 cm (3 ft 11 in) tall. Although she is a biped, Ardi had both opposable big toes and thumbs in order to climb trees. It is speculated that her bipedality impeded movement, but enabled her to bear more offspring. 〔 Shreeve, Jamie, "The Evolutionary Road," ''National Geographic, 218, No. 1'' July 2010: 67. Print. 〕
Although it is not known whether Ardi's species developed into ''Homo sapiens'', the discovery is of great significance and added much to the debate on ''Ardipithecus'' and its place in human evolution. With regards to Ardi's body composition, archaeologists note that she is unique in that she possesses traits that are characteristic of both extinct primates and early hominids. 〔 Shreeve, Jamie, "The Evolutionary Road," ''National Geographic, 218, No. 1'' July 2010: 63. Print. 〕 It is still a point of debate whether Ardi was capable of bipedal movement. Ardi's divergent big toes are not characteristic of a biped. 〔 Shreeve, Jamie, "The Evolutionary Road," ''National Geographic, 218, No. 1'' July 2010: 66. Print. 〕
Some of Ardi's teeth are still connected to her jawbone and show enamel wear suggesting a diet consisting of fruit and nuts. 〔 Shreeve, Jamie, "The Evolutionary Road," ''National Geographic, 218, No. 1'' July 2010: 38. Print. 〕 The canine teeth of ''A. ramidus'' are smaller, and equal in size between males and females. This suggests reduced male-to-male conflict, pair-bonding, and increased parental investment.〔Reexamining human origins in light of Ardipithecus ramidus, C. Owen Lovejoy, Science, 2 October 2009, 326:74〕"Thus fundamental reproductive and social behavioral changes probably occurred in hominids long before they had enlarged brains and began to use stone tools."〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher = National Geographic )〕
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