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|native_name = |common_name = Argentina |image_flag = Flag of Argentina.svg |image_coat = Coat of arms of Argentina.svg |national_motto = |national_anthem = |other_symbol = |other_symbol_type = |image_map = Argentina orthographic.svg |map_width = 220px |map_caption = |capital = Buenos Aires |latd=34 |latm=36 |latNS=S |longd=58|longm=23 |longEW=W |largest_city = capital |official_languages = Spanish | |demonym = }} |government_type = Federal presidential constitutional republic |leader_title1 = President |leader_name1 = Cristina Fernández de Kirchner |leader_title2 = ''President-elect'' |leader_name2 = ''Mauricio Macri'' ''(will take office in December 10)'' |legislature = Congress |upper_house = Senate |lower_house = Chamber of Deputies |sovereignty_type = Independence |sovereignty_note = from Spain |established_event1 = May Revolution |established_date1 = 25 May 1810 |established_event2 = Declared |established_date2 = 9 July 1816 |established_event3 = |established_date3 = 1 May 1853 |established_event4 = |established_date4 = 29 April 1857 |area_rank = 8th |area_magnitude = 1_E12 |area_km2 = 2780400 |area_footnote = |percent_water = 1.57 |population_estimate = 43,417,000〔("United Nations population prospects" )(PDF) 2015 revision〕 |population_estimate_rank = |population_estimate_year = 2015 |population_census = 40,117,096〔 |population_census_year = 2010 |population_census_rank = 32nd |population_density_km2 = 14.4 |population_density_rank = 212th |pop_den_footnote = 〔 |GDP_PPP = $964.279 billion |GDP_PPP_rank = 25th |GDP_PPP_year = 2015 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $22,375〔 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 56th |GDP_nominal = $578.705 billion〔 |GDP_nominal_rank = 21st |GDP_nominal_year = 2015 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $13,428〔 |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 53rd |Gini_year = 2013 |Gini_change = decrease |Gini = 42.3 |Gini_ref = 〔 |Gini_rank = |HDI_year = 2013 |HDI_change = increase |HDI = 0.808 |HDI_ref = 〔 |HDI_rank = 49th |currency = Peso ($) |currency_code = ARS |time_zone = ART |utc_offset = −3 |date_format = dd.mm.yyyy (CE) |drives_on = right |calling_code = +54 |cctld = .ar |footnote_a = ''De facto'' at all government levels. In addition, some provinces have official ''de jure'' languages: :Guaraní in Corrientes Province.〔 :Kom, Moqoit and Wichi, in Chaco Province.〔 |footnote_b = Trains ride on left. }} Argentina (; ), officially the Argentine Republic (), is a federal republic located in southeastern South America. Sharing the bulk of the Southern Cone with its neighbour Chile, it is bordered by Bolivia and Paraguay to the north; Brazil to the northeast; Uruguay and the South Atlantic Ocean to the east; Chile to the west and the Drake Passage to the south. With a mainland area of , Argentina is the eighth-largest country in the world, the second-largest in Latin America, and the largest Spanish-speaking one. Argentina claims sovereignty over part of Antarctica, the Falkland Islands (), South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. The country is subdivided into twenty-three provinces ((スペイン語:provincias), singular ''provincia'') and one autonomous city (''ciudad autónoma''), Buenos Aires, which is the federal capital of the nation () as decided by Congress. The provinces and the capital have their own constitutions, but exist under a federal system. The earliest recorded human presence in the area of modern-day Argentina dates back to the Paleolithic period. The country has its roots in Spanish colonization of the region during the 16th century. Argentina rose as the successor state of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, a Spanish overseas colony founded in 1776. The declaration and fight for independence (1810–1818) was followed by an extended civil war that lasted until 1861, culminating in the country's reorganization as a federation of provinces with Buenos Aires as its capital city. The country thereafter enjoyed relative peace and stability, with massive waves of European immigration radically reshaping its cultural and demographic outlook. The almost-unparalleled increase in prosperity led to Argentina becoming the seventh wealthiest developed nation in the world by the early 20th century. After 1930 Argentina descended into political instability and periodic economic crisis that pushed it back into underdevelopment, though it nevertheless remained among the fifteen richest countries until the mid-20th century. Argentina retains its historic status as a middle power in international affairs, and is a prominent regional power in the Southern Cone and Latin America. Argentina has the second largest economy in South America, the third-largest in Latin America and is a member of the G-15 and G-20 major economies. It is also a founding member of the United Nations, World Bank, World Trade Organization, Mercosur, Union of South American Nations, Community of Latin American and Caribbean States and the Organization of Ibero-American States. Because of its stability, market size and growing high-tech sector, Argentina is classified as a high-income economy〔http://data.worldbank.org/about/country-and-lending-groups#High_income〕 with a "very high" rating on the Human Development Index. ==Name and etymology== The name "Argentina" is derived from Latin ''argentum'' ("silver", ''plata'' in Spanish), a noun associated with the silver mountains legend, widespread among the first European explorers of the La Plata Basin. The first written use of the name can be traced to ''La Argentina'', a 1602 poem by Martín del Barco Centenera describing the region and the foundation of Buenos Aires. Although "Argentina" was already in common usage by the 18th century, the country was formally named "Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata" by the Spanish Empire, and "United Provinces of the Río de la Plata" after independence. The 1826 constitution included the first use of the name "Argentine Republic" in legal documents. The name "Argentine Confederation" was also commonly used and was formalized in the Argentine Constitution of 1853. In 1860 a presidential decree settled the country's name as "Argentine Republic", and that year's constitutional amendment ruled all the names since 1810 as legally valid. In the English language the country was traditionally called "the Argentine", mimicking the typical Spanish usage ''la Argentina''. This fell out of fashion during the mid-to-late 20th century, and now the country is simply referred to as "Argentina". In the Spanish language "Argentina" is feminine ("''La () Argentina''"), taking the feminine article "La" as the initial syllable of "Argentina" is unstressed.〔("The Definite Article: Part II" ), Study Spanish〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Argentina」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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