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Arikamedu
Arikamedu is an archaeological site in Southern India, more specifically Kakkayanthope, Ariyankuppam Commune, Puducherry. It is located at a distance from its capital Pondicherry, in the Indian territory of Puducherry, where widely known archaeological excavations were conducted by Sir Mortimer Wheeler 1945, and Jean-Marie Casal in 1947–1950. The site was identified as the port of Podouke, known as an "emporium" in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea and Ptolemy. Amphorae, Arretine ware, Roman lamps, glassware, glass and stone beads, and gems were found at the site. Based on these excavations, Wheeler had concluded that the Arikamedu was a Greek (Yavana) trading post trading with Rome, which started operating during the reign of Augustus Caesar, and lasted for about two hundred years only from late first century BCE to first and second centuries CE. Subsequent investigation carried out by Vimala Begley from 1989 to 1992 have modified this assessment and has placed the period of occupation of the site from 2nd century BCE to 8th century CE.
The significant findings at Arikamedu are the numerous Indo-Pacific beads, which has facilitated fixing the period of its origin. Red and black ware ceramics found here, known as megalithic stones or Pandukal in Tamil meaning "old stones", and used for marking graves have been in existence at the site even prior to and during Roman occupation of the site, and also in later periods.
==Location==
Arikamedu is a coastal fishing village, under the Ariankuppam Panchayat, on the southeastern coast of India, from Pondicherry, on the Pondicherry-Cuddalore road; it was originally a French colonial town. It is located on the bank of the Ariyankuppam River (for most part of the year the river is considered a lagoon), also known as Virampattinam River, which forms the northern outlet of the Gingee River as it joins the Bay of Bengal. As the site is located at the bend of the river it provides protection to the sea going vessels which dock here. The site has been subject to extensive archaeological excavations. The archaeological site is spread over an area of and has been under the control of the Archaeological Survey of India since 1982.〔
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