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Arimanius
Arimanius ((ギリシア語:''Areimanios''); ) is a name for an obscure deity found in a few Greek literary texts and five Latin inscriptions. In Greek texts, ''Areimanios'', with variations, seems to refer to the Persian Ahriman, in the context of "Zoroastrianism" as it was understood by the Greeks and Romans.〔Roger Beck, "Mithraism since Franz Cumont," ''Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt'' II.17.4 (1984), p. 2034.〕 The Latin inscriptions occur in a Mithraic context that suggest a redefined or different deity.〔R.L. Gordon, "Cumont and the Doctrine of Mithraism," in ''Mithraic Studies'' (Manchester University Press, 1975), p. 226.〕
The most extended passage in classical literature on ''Areimanios'' is found in the treatise ''Isis and Osiris'' (46–47) by Plutarch, who presents him as the dark or evil side in a dualistic opposition with Oromazes (for ''Ohrmuzd'' or Ahura Mazda).〔For Bill Thayer's edition of the Loeb Classical Library translation at LacusCurtius, see Plutarch, ''Isis and Osiris'' (46–47. )〕 He is also mentioned in other texts as an evil ''daimon'', "the worst spirit," or even equated with Satan as the adversary.〔Diogenes Laertius 1.8; Damascius, ''Dubitationes et Solutiones'' 125; Agathias, ''Historiae'' 2.25; Theodore of Mopsuestia ''apud'' Photius, ''Bibliotheca'' 72.81, as cited by Albert de Jong, ''Traditions of the Magi: Zoroastrianism in Greek and Latin Literature'' (Brill, 1997), pp. 313–314.〕 In the Mithraic context, the name seems unlikely to refer to an evil entity.〔Gordon, "Cumont and the Doctrine of Mithraism," pp. 226–227.〕
==The name==
The most common form of the name in its few occurrences among Greek authors is Ἀρειμανιος ''(Areimanios)'', presumably rendering an unattested Old Persian form ''
*ahramanyu'', which, however, would have yielded a Middle Persian ''ahrmen''. The name is given as Ἀριμάνης ''(Arimanēs)'' by Agathias, and Ἀρειμανής ''(Areimanēs)'' by Hesychius, rendering the Middle Persian ''Ahreman''. Variations of the name not explicable by scientific linguistics may be attributed to its similarity to Greek words meaning "warlike"〔De Jong, ''Traditions of the Magi'', pp. 312–313.〕 (see Names and epithets of Ares).
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