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''Armadillidium'' is a genus of the small terrestrial crustacean known as the woodlouse. ''Armadillidium'' are also commonly known as pill woodlice, pill bugs or roly-poly, and are often confused with pill millipedes such as ''Glomeris marginata''. They are characterised by their ability to roll into a ball when disturbed. They typically feed on moss, algae, bark and other decaying organic matter. They are usually found in moist areas such as decomposing leaf matter and soil. ''Armadillidium vulgare'' is the most abundant species in Europe and has been introduced worldwide. However, the vast majority of species are endemic to small regions close to the Mediterranean Sea, in much lower numbers than common species such as A. vulgare, and hence are understudied. The colouration especially of young ''A. klugii'' resembles the red hourglass marking of the Mediterranean black widow ''Latrodectus tredecimguttatus''. This is probably a kind of mimicry, to ward off predators that mistake the harmless animal for a venomous spider.〔(Revision of the Armadillidium klugii-group (Isopoda: Oniscidea) )〕 Unlike other arthropods such as insects and spiders, pill bugs do not have a waxy cuticle that would reduce evaporation from their bodies. Pill bugs also use modified lungs, called pseudotrachea, for respiration, and the lungs must remain moist to function. Individual pill bugs typically live for two or three years, and females brood eggs once or twice each summer. Several hundred eggs are brooded at a time in the marsupium, a pocket on the ventral side of the female pill bug. The marsupium must also be kept filled with water until the young hatch and crawl away. ==Species== File:The British Woodlice 68.png|''Armadillidium depressum'' (drawing) File:A-granulatum (Alvesgaspar) PD-original D dorsal.jpg|''Armadillidium granulatum'' File:Armadillidium klugii drawing.png|''Armadillidium klugii'' (drawing in rolled up position) File:Armadillidium lagrecai crop.tif|''Armadillidium lagrecai'' File:A Sow Bug (Armadillidium nasatum) (3844681398).jpg|''Armadillidium nasatum'' File:Armadillidium-pictum-07-VIII-2007-01.jpg|''Armadillidium pictum'' File:The British Woodlice 67.png|''Armadillidium pulchellum'' (drawing) File:Armadillidium vulgare 001.jpg|''Armadillidium vulgare'' There are 178 recognised species in the genus ''Armadillidium'': *''Armadillidium absoloni'' Strouhal, 1939 *''Armadillidium aegaeum'' Strouhal, 1929 *''Armadillidium aeginense'' Strouhal, 1939 *''Armadillidium aelleni'' Caruso & Ferrara, 1982 *''Armadillidium alassiense'' Verhoeff, 1910 *''Armadillidium albanicum'' Verhoeff, 1901 *''Armadillidium albigauni'' Arcangeli, 1935 *''Armadillidium albomarginatum'' Verhoeff, 1901 *''Armadillidium album'' Dollfus, 1887 *''Armadillidium ameglioi'' Arcangeli, 1914 *''Armadillidium amicorum'' Rodríguez & Vicente, 1993 *''Armadillidium anconanum'' Verhoeff, 1928 *''Armadillidium apenninigerum'' Verhoeff, 1936 *''Armadillidium apenninorum'' Verhoeff, 1928 *''Armadillidium apfelbecki'' Dollfus, 1895 *''Armadillidium apuanum'' Taiti & Ferrara, 1995 *''Armadillidium arcadicum'' Verhoeff, 1902 *''Armadillidium arcangelii'' Strouhal, 1929 *''Armadillidium argentarium'' Verhoeff, 1931 *''Armadillidium argolicum'' Verhoeff, 1907 *''Armadillidium artense'' Strouhal, 1956 *''Armadillidium assimile'' Budde-Lund, 1885 *''Armadillidium atticum'' Strouhal, 1929 *''Armadillidium azerbaidzhanum'' Schmalfuss, 1990 *''Armadillidium badium'' Budde-Lund, 1885 *''Armadillidium baldense'' Verhoeff, 1902 *''Armadillidium banaticum'' Verhoeff, 1907 *''Armadillidium beieri'' Strouhal, 1937 *''Armadillidium bicurvatum'' Verhoeff, 1901 *''Armadillidium bosniense'' Strouhal, 1939 *''Armadillidium brentanum'' Verhoeff, 1931 *''Armadillidium bulgaricum'' Frankenberger, 1941 *''Armadillidium calabricum'' Verhoeff, 1908 *''Armadillidium canaliferum'' Verhoeff, 1908 *''Armadillidium capreae'' Verhoeff, 1944 *''Armadillidium carniolense'' Verhoeff, 1901 *''Armadillidium carynthiacum'' Verhoeff, 1939 *''Armadillidium cavannai'' Arcangeli, 1960 *''Armadillidium cephalonicum'' Strouhal, 1929 *''Armadillidium cetinjense'' Strouhal, 1927 *''Armadillidium chazaliei'' Dollfus, 1896 *''Armadillidium clausi'' Verhoeff, 1901 *''Armadillidium clavigerum'' Verhoeff, 1928 *''Armadillidium corcyraeum'' Verhoeff, 1901 *''Armadillidium cruzi'' Garcia, 2003 *''Armadillidium cythereium'' Strouhal, 1937 *''Armadillidium dalmaticum'' Strouhal, 1939 *''Armadillidium decorum'' Brandt, 1833 *''Armadillidium delattini'' Verhoeff, 1943 *''Armadillidium depressum'' Brandt, 1833 *''Armadillidium djebalensis'' Vandel, 1958 *''Armadillidium dollfusi'' Verhoeff, 1902 *''Armadillidium elysii'' Verhoeff, 1936 *''Armadillidium epiroticum'' Strouhal, 1956 *''Armadillidium espanyoli'' Cruz, 1990 *''Armadillidium esterelanum'' Dollfus, 1887 *''Armadillidium etruriae'' Ferrara & Taiti, 1978 *''Armadillidium euxinum'' Verhoeff, 1929 *''Armadillidium fallax'' Brandt, 1833 *''Armadillidium ficalbii'' Arcangeli, 1911 *''Armadillidium flavoscutatum'' Strouhal, 1927 *''Armadillidium fossuligerum'' Verhoeff, 1902 *''Armadillidium frontemarginatum'' Strouhal, 1927 *''Armadillidium frontetriangulum'' Verhoeff, 1901 *''Armadillidium frontirostre'' Budde-Lund, 1885 *''Armadillidium furcatum'' Budde-Lund, 1885 *''Armadillidium galiciense'' Schmölzer, 1955 *''Armadillidium germanicum'' Verhoeff, 1901 *''Armadillidium gestroi'' Tua, 1900 *''Armadillidium ghardalamensis'' Caruso & Hili, 1991 *''Armadillidium granulatum'' Brandt, 1833 *''Armadillidium hauseni'' Schmalfuss, 1985 *''Armadillidium herzegowinense'' Verhoeff, 1907 *''Armadillidium hessei'' Verhoeff, 1930 *''Armadillidium hirtum'' Budde-Lund, 1885 *''Armadillidium humectum'' Strouhal, 1937 *''Armadillidium humile'' Strouhal, 1936 *''Armadillidium inflatum'' Verhoeff, 1907 *''Armadillidium insulanum'' Verhoeff, 1907 *''Armadillidium irmengardae'' Strouhal, 1956 *''Armadillidium janinense'' Verhoeff, 1902 *''Armadillidium jaqueti'' Dollfus, 1897 *''Armadillidium jonicum'' Strouhal, 1927 *''Armadillidium justi'' Strouhal, 1937 *''Armadillidium kalamatense'' Verhoeff, 1907 *''Armadillidium kalamium'' Strouhal, 1956 *''Armadillidium klaptoczi'' Verhoeff, 1908 *''Armadillidium klugii'' Brandt, 1833 *''Armadillidium kochi'' Dollfus, 1887 *''Armadillidium kossuthi'' Arcangeli, 1929 *''Armadillidium laconicum'' Strouhal, 1938 *''Armadillidium lagrecai'' Vandel, 1969 *''Armadillidium laminigerum'' Verhoeff, 1907 *''Armadillidium lanzai'' Taiti & Ferrara, 1996 *''Armadillidium littorale'' Taiti & Ferrara, 1996 *''Armadillidium lobocurvum'' Verhoeff, 1902 *''Armadillidium lymberakisi'' Schmalfuss, Paragamian & Sfenthourakis, 2004 *''Armadillidium maccagnoae'' Arcangeli, 1960 *''Armadillidium maculatum'' Risso, 1816 *''Armadillidium mareoticum'' Budde-Lund, 1885 *''Armadillidium marinense'' Verhoeff, 1902 *''Armadillidium marinensium'' Verhoeff, 1928 *''Armadillidium marmoratum'' Strouhal, 1929 *''Armadillidium marmorivagum'' Verhoeff, 1934 *''Armadillidium mateui'' Vandel, 1953 *''Armadillidium messenicum'' Verhoeff, 1902 *''Armadillidium mohamedanicum'' Verhoeff, 1929 *''Armadillidium narentanum'' Verhoeff, 1907 *''Armadillidium nasatum'' Budde-Lund, 1885 *''Armadillidium niger'' Kortshagin, 1887 *''Armadillidium obenbergeri'' Frankenberger, 1941 *''Armadillidium odhneri'' Verhoeff, 1930 *''Armadillidium oglasae'' Ferrara & Taiti, 1978 *''Armadillidium omblae'' Verhoeff, 1900 *''Armadillidium opacum'' (C. Koch, 1841) *''Armadillidium ormeanum'' Verhoeff, 1931 *''Armadillidium paeninsulae'' Ferrara & Taiti, 1978 *''Armadillidium pallasii'' Brandt, 1833 *''Armadillidium pallidum'' Verhoeff, 1907 *''Armadillidium panningi'' Strouhal, 1937 *''Armadillidium pardoi'' Vandel, 1956 *''Armadillidium parvum'' Strouhal, 1938 *''Armadillidium pelagicum'' Arcangeli, 1957 *''Armadillidium pelionense'' Strouhal, 1928 *''Armadillidium peloponnesiacum'' Verhoeff, 1901 *''Armadillidium peraccai'' Tua, 1900 *''Armadillidium pictum'' Brandt, 1833 *''Armadillidium pilosellum'' Dollfus, 1896 *''Armadillidium ponalense'' Verhoeff, 1934 *''Armadillidium portofinense'' Verhoeff, 1908 *''Armadillidium pretusi'' Cruz, 1990 *''Armadillidium pseudassimile'' Taiti & Ferrara, 1980 *''Armadillidium pseudovulgare'' Verhoeff, 1902 *''Armadillidium pulchellum'' (Zenker, 1798) *''Armadillidium quinquepustulatum'' Budde-Lund, 1885 *''Armadillidium rhodopinum'' Verhoeff, 1936 *''Armadillidium rojanum'' Verhoeff, 1936 *''Armadillidium rosai'' Arcangeli, 1913 *''Armadillidium ruffoi'' Arcangeli, 1940 *''Armadillidium rupium'' Verhoeff, 1928 *''Armadillidium sanctum'' Dollfus, 1892 *''Armadillidium savonense'' Verhoeff, 1931 *''Armadillidium saxivagum'' Verhoeff, 1901 *''Armadillidium scaberrimum'' Stein, 1859 *''Armadillidium scabrum'' Dollfus, 1892 *''Armadillidium schmalfussi'' Caruso & Lombardo, 1982 *''Armadillidium serrai'' Cruz & Dalens, 1990 *''Armadillidium serratum'' Budde-Lund, 1885 *''Armadillidium siculorum'' Verhoeff, 1908 *''Armadillidium silvestrii'' Verhoeff, 1931 *''Armadillidium simile'' Strouhal, 1937 *''Armadillidium simoni'' Dollfus, 1887 *''Armadillidium sordidum'' Dollfus, 1887 *''Armadillidium stagnoense'' Verhoeff, 1902 *''Armadillidium steindachneri'' Strouhal, 1927 *''Armadillidium stolikanum'' Verhoeff, 1907 *''Armadillidium storkani'' Frankenberger, 1941 *''Armadillidium strinatii'' Vandel, 1961 *''Armadillidium sulcatum'' Milne-Edwards, 1840 *''Armadillidium tabacarui'' Gruia, Iavorschi & Sarbu, 1994 *''Armadillidium teramense'' Verhoeff, 1933 *''Armadillidium tigris'' Budde-Lund, 1885 *''Armadillidium tirolense'' Verhoeff, 1901 *''Armadillidium torchiai'' Taiti & Ferrara, 1996 *''Armadillidium traiani'' Demianowicz, 1932 *''Armadillidium tripolitzense'' Verhoeff, 1902 *''Armadillidium tyrrhenum'' Taiti & Ferrara, 1980 *''Armadillidium vallombrosae'' Verhoeff, 1907 *''Armadillidium valonae'' Arcangeli, 1952 *''Armadillidium verhoeffi'' Rogenhofer, 1915 *''Armadillidium versicolor'' Stein, 1859 *''Armadillidium versluysi'' Strouhal, 1937 *''Armadillidium vulgare'' (Latreille, 1804) *''Armadillidium werneri'' Strouhal, 1927 *''Armadillidium xerovunense'' Strouhal, 1956 *''Armadillidium zangherii'' Arcangeli, 1923 *''Armadillidium zenckeri'' Brandt, 1833 *''Armadillidium zuellichi'' Strouhal, 1937 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Armadillidium」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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