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The Armed Forces Reserve Medal is a service medal of the United States Armed Forces that has existed since 1950. The medal recognizes service performed by members of the reserve components and is awarded to both officers and enlisted personnel. The medal is considered a successor award to the Naval Reserve Medal and the Marine Corps Reserve Ribbon, which were discontinued in 1958 and 1967 respectively. If the medal is awarded for periods of service, it is accompanied by an hourglass device. Depending on the length of service, a bronze, silver, gold, or bronze and gold hourglass are worn on the suspension ribbon and service ribbon, indicating 10, 20, 30, or 40 years of service respectively. If the medal is awarded in connection with a mobilization, it is accompanied by an "M" device. Subsequent mobilizations under an unrelated presidential call-up order result in a numeral device being worn to indicate the number of mobilizations. ==For service – the Hourglass device== In the Army Reserve and National Guard, a service member qualifies for the medal after completing a total of ten years service in the active reserve. This service may be cumulative, provided that the combined ten years of service was performed over a period of twelve consecutive years. Voluntary recalls to active duty are not counted within the ten years of service. In addition, unlike the Reserve Good Conduct Medal, a service member’s disciplinary history is not a factor when awarding the Armed Forces Reserve Medal. In the Naval Reserve, members of the Individual Ready Reserve are eligible for the medal after 10 years of service.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.public.navy.mil/bupers-npc/career/reservepersonnelmgmt/IRR/Pages/GuidetotheIRR.aspx )〕 Periods of service for the Armed Forces Reserve Medal are denoted through the use of the hourglass device. The length of the period for which the Armed Forces Reserve Medal is awarded is indicated using a bronze hourglass, silver hourglass, gold hourglass, or bronze and gold hourglasses together.〔(Navy Personnel Command, U.S. Navy Uniform Regulations, Chapter 5, 5301–5319 Awards ), last updated 27 July 2011, accessed 1 April 2012〕〔(Permanent Marine Corps Uniform Board, Chapert 5, Awards ), last updated 29 October 2009, accessed 1 April 2012〕〔〔(U.S. Army Regulation 600-8-22, Military Awards ), dated 11 December 2006, revised 15 September 2011, last accessed 1 April 2012〕〔(The Institute of Heraldry, Uniformed Services ~ Army > Service Ribbons Accoutrements ), accessed 1 April 2012〕〔(U.S. Air Force Instruction 36-2803, The Air Force Awards and Decorations Program ), published 15 June 2001, last accessed 3 May 2012〕〔(Air Force Personnel Center, Armed Forces Reserve Medal ), posted 23 August 2010, last accessed 3 May 2012〕〔 The initial presentation of the Armed Forces Reserve Medal is authorized with the bronze hourglass device denoting ten years of reserve service. At twenty years of service, the hourglass is upgraded to silver and at thirty years the hourglass becomes gold. For those who complete forty years of reserve service, a gold and bronze hourglass device are worn simultaneously. This is the only case where hourglasses are worn together; in all other cases the hourglass device is upgraded to the next higher award degree and is worn as a single device. Prior to Executive Order 13013 issued on August 6, 1996, a bronze hourglass device was presented only upon the second and subsequent awards of the Armed Forces Reserve Medal, as in a bronze hourglass for twenty years of service, two bronze hourglasses for thirty, and three bronze hourglasses for forty. Executive Order 13013 provided awarding a bronze hour glass after 10 years service, a silver hourglass after 20 years of service and a gold hourglass after 30 years of service. Personnel discharged or retired, prior to the change of the Hourglass Device award criteria, are not eligible for a correction of records or an upgrade of the Hourglass Device, as the Hourglass Device would have originally been presented under the original award specifications. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Armed Forces Reserve Medal」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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