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| languages_sub = yes | languages2_type = Official script | languages2 = | languages2_sub = yes | ethnic_groups_year = | ethnic_groups = | religion = Armenian Apostolic Church | demonym = Armenian | capital = Yerevan | latd=40 |latm=11 |latNS=N |longd=44 |longm=31 |longEW=E | largest_city = capital | government_type = Semi-presidential republic〔 | leader_title1 = President | leader_name1 = Serzh Sargsyan | leader_title2 = Prime Minister | leader_name2 = Hovik Abrahamyan | legislature = National Assembly | sovereignty_type = Formation and independence | established_event1 = Traditional date | established_date1 = 2492 BCE | established_event2 = Hayasa-Azzi | established_date2 = 1500–1290 BCE | established_event3 = Arme-Shupria〔Lang, David Marshall. ''Armenia: Cradle of Civilization''. London: Allen and Unwin, 1970, p. 114. ISBN 0-04-956007-7.〕〔Redgate, Anna Elizabeth. ''The Armenians''. Cornwall: Blackwell, 1998, pp. 16–19, 23, 25, 26 (map), 30–32, 38, 43 ISBN 0-631-22037-2.〕 | established_date3 = 14th century–1190 BCE | established_event4 = Urartu | established_date4 = 860–590 BCE | established_event5 = Orontid Dynasty | established_date5 = 6th century BCE | established_event6 = | established_date6 = 190 BCE | established_event7 = Arsacid Dynasty | established_date7 = 52–428 | established_event8 = Bagratid Armenia | established_date8 = 885–1045 | established_event9 = Kingdom of Cilicia | established_date9 = 1198–1375 | established_event10 = First Republic of Armenia declared | established_date10 = 28 May 1918 | established_event11 = Independence from the Soviet Union | established_date11 = | area_km2 = 29,743 | area_sq_mi = 11,484 | area_rank = 141st | percent_water = 4.71 | population_census = | population_census_year = 2011 | population_census_rank = 134th | population_density_km2 = 101.5 | population_density_sq_mi = 262.9 | population_density_rank = 99th | GDP_PPP_year = 2013 | GDP_PPP = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $6,128〔 | GDP_nominal = | GDP_nominal_year = 2013 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $3,037〔 | Gini_year = 2008 | Gini_change = | Gini = 30.9 | Gini_ref = | Gini_rank = | HDI_year = 2013 | HDI_change = steady | HDI = 0.730 | HDI_ref = | HDI_rank = 87th | currency = Dram (դր.) | currency_code = AMD | time_zone = UTC | utc_offset = +4 | patron_saint = St. Gregory | drives_on = right | calling_code = +374 | cctld = .am .հայ | footnote_a = Reformed orthography. | footnote_b = Declared. | footnote_c = Referendum. }} Armenia (; (アルメニア語:Հայաստան), tr. ''Hayastan'', ), officially the Republic of Armenia ((アルメニア語:Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն), tr. ''Hayastani Hanrapetut’yun''), is a landlocked country in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located in Western Asia,〔Central Intelligence Agency.("The CIA World Factbook 2015" ) Skyhorse Publishing Inc, 2014. ISBN 1629149039〕〔The UN (classification of world regions ) places Armenia in Western Asia; the CIA World Factbook (【引用サイトリンク】title=Armenia ) , (【引用サイトリンク】title=Armenia ), and ''Oxford Reference Online'' (【引用サイトリンク】title=Oxford Reference ) also place Armenia in Asia.〕 it is bordered by Turkey to the west, Georgia to the north, the ''de facto'' independent Nagorno-Karabakh Republic and Azerbaijan to the east, and Iran and the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan to the south. Armenia is a unitary, multi-party, democratic nation-state with an ancient cultural heritage. The Satrapy of Armenia was established in the 6th century BC, after the fall of Urartu. In the 1st century BC the Kingdom of Armenia reached its height under Tigranes the Great. Armenia became the first state in the world to adopt Christianity as its official religion,〔().〕 in between late 3rd century to early years of the 4th century (the official date is 301 AD),〔. Estimated dates vary from 284 to 314. Garsoïan (''op.cit.'' p.82), following the research of Ananian, favours the latter.〕 becoming the first Christian nation."〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://travel.nationalgeographic.com/travel/countries/armenia-facts/ )〕〔Smaller nations that have claimed a prior official adoption of Christianity include Osroene, the Silures, and San Marino. See Timeline of official adoptions of Christianity.〕 As a result, previously predominant Zoroastrianism and paganism in Armenia gradually declined.〔Mary Boyce. (''Zoroastrians: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices'' ) Psychology Press, 2001 ISBN 0415239028 p 84〕〔Charl Wolhuter,Corene de Wet. (''International Comparative Perspectives on Religion and Education'' ) AFRICAN SUN MeDIA, ISBN 1920382372. 1 March 2014 p 31〕 An Armenian principality and later a kingdom, known as Cilician Armenia, existed on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea between the 11th and 14th centuries. Between the 16th century and first half of the 19th century, the traditional Armenian homeland composed of Eastern Armenia and Western Armenia came under rule of the rivaling Ottoman and successive Iranian Empires, passing between the two over the centuries. By the mid-19th century, Eastern Armenia had been conquered by Russia from Qajar Iran, while most of the western parts of the traditional Armenian homeland still remained under Ottoman rule. During World War I, the Armenians living in their ancestral lands in the Ottoman Empire were systematically exterminated in the Armenian Genocide. In 1918, during the Russian Revolution, all non-Russian countries were granted independence from the dissolved empire, leading to the establishment of the First Republic of Armenia. By 1920, the state was incorporated into the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, a founding member of the Soviet Union in 1922. In 1936, the Transcaucasian state was dissolved, leaving its constituent states, including the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, as full Union republics. The modern Republic of Armenia became independent in 1991 during the dissolution of the Soviet Union. The Republic of Armenia recognizes the Armenian Apostolic Church, the world's oldest national church, as the country's primary religious establishment.〔The republic has separation of church and state〕 The unique Armenian alphabet was invented by Mesrop Mashtots in 405 AD. Armenia is a member of the Eurasian Economic Union, the Council of Europe and the Collective Security Treaty Organization. Armenia supports the de facto independent Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, which was proclaimed in 1991. ==Etymology== (詳細はArmenian name for the country is '. The name in the Middle Ages was extended to ''Hayastan'', by addition of the Persian suffix ''-stan'' (place). The name has traditionally been derived from Hayk (), the legendary patriarch of the Armenians and a great-great-grandson of Noah, who, according to the 5th-century AD author Moses of Chorene, defeated the Babylonian king Bel in 2492 BC and established his nation in the Ararat region.〔Razmik Panossian, The Armenians: From Kings And Priests to Merchants And Commissars, Columbia University Press (2006), ISBN 978-0-231-13926-7, p. 106.〕 The further origin of the name is uncertain. The exonym ''Armenia'' is attested in the Old Persian Behistun Inscription (515 BC) as ''Armina'' (30x20pxpx 30x20pxpx 30x20pxpx 30x20pxpx 30x20pxpx). The ancient Greek terms (''Armenía'') and (''Arménioi'', "Armenians") are first mentioned by Hecataeus of Miletus (c. 550 BC – c. 476 BC).〔 " (The Armenians border on the Chalybes to the south)". 〕 Xenophon, a Greek general serving in some of the Persian expeditions, describes many aspects of Armenian village life and hospitality in around 401 BC. He relates that the people spoke a language that to his ear sounded like the language of the Persians. According to the histories of both Moses of Chorene and Michael Chamchian, ''Armenia'' derives from the name of Aram, a lineal descendant of Hayk.〔Moses of Chorene,(''The History of Armenia'' ), Book 1, Ch. 12 〕〔''History of Armenia'' by Father Michael Chamich from B.C. 2247 to the Year of Christ 1780, or 1229 of the Armenian era, Bishop's College Press, Calcutta, 1827, page 19: "() was the first to raise the Armenian name to any degree of renown; so that contemporary nations... called them the Aramians, or followers of Aram, a name which has been corrupted into Armenians; and the country they inhabited, by universal consent, took the name of Armenia."〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Armenia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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