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Honey fungus, or ''Armillaria'' or ''оpenky'' ((ウクライナ語:опеньки)), is a genus of parasitic fungi that live on trees and woody shrubs. It includes about 10 species formerly lumped together as ''A. mellea''. ''Armillarias'' are long lived and form some of the largest living organisms in the world. The largest single organism (of the species ''Armillaria solidipes'') covers more than and is thousands of years old. Some species of ''Armillaria'' are bioluminescent and may be responsible for the phenomena known as foxfire. As a forest pathogen, ''Armillaria'' can be very destructive. It is responsible for the "white rot" root disease (see below) of forests and is distinguished from ''Tricholoma'' (mycorrhizal) by this parasitic nature. Its high destructiveness comes from the fact that, unlike most parasites, it doesn't need to moderate its growth in order to avoid killing its host, since it will continue to thrive on the dead material. In the Canadian Prairies (particularly Manitoba), the term "honey fungus" is unknown to many; due to the large presence of Ukrainian Canadians in this area, the fungus is often referred to as ''pidpenky'' ((ウクライナ語:підпеньки)), from the Ukrainian term, "beneath the stump". == Description == The fruit bodies of the fungus are mushrooms that grow on wood, typically in small dense clumps or tufts. Their caps are typically yellow-brown, somewhat sticky to touch when moist, and, depending on age, may range in shape from conical to convex to depressed in the center. The stem may or may not have a ring. All ''Armillaria'' species have a white spore print and none have a volva (compare ''Amanita''). Grossly similar species include ''Pholiota'' spp. which also grow in cespitose clusters on wood and fruit in the fall. However ''Pholiota'' spp. have a yellowish to greenish yellow cast and a dark brown to grey-brown spore print. Mushroom hunters need to be especially wary of ''Galerina '' spp. which can grow side by side with ''Armillaria'' spp. also on wood. ''Galerina'' has a dark brown spore print and is deadly poisonous (alpha-amanitin) – see: mushroom poisoning. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Armillaria」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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