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Arneis
Arneis is a white Italian wine grape variety originating from Piedmont, Italy. It is most commonly found in the hills of the Roero, northwest of Alba, where it is part of the white ''Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita'' (DOCG) wines of Roero. It can also be used to produce DOC wines in Langhe.〔 J. Robinson (ed) ''"The Oxford Companion to Wine"'' Third Edition pg 35 Oxford University Press 2006 ISBN 0-19-860990-6 〕 Arneis (literally: little rascal, in Piemontese) is so called because it is regarded as a somewhat difficult variety to grow. It is a crisp and floral varietal, and has been grown for centuries in the region. The white wines made from the Arneis grape tend to be dry and full body with notes of pears and apricots.〔K. MacNeil The Wine Bible pg 331-333 Workman Publishing 2001 ISBN 1-56305-434-5〕
==History==
Wine historians disagree on how long Arneis has been growing in the Piedmont region and under what name. A potential root of the name Arneis in the Piemontese dialect, ''renesi'', makes an appearance in the description of several different grape varieties in the 15th century. Some historians believe that Arneis maybe the Ranaysii grape that was documented in 1432 growing in the province of Torino around the village of Chieri. Around Canale in the province of Cuneo a Reneysium grape was documented in 1478. The first usage of the name ''Arneis'' appears in Italian ampelographer Count Giuseppe di Rovasenda's 1877 text where the grape was described as already being well established in Piedmont.〔J. Robinson, J. Harding and J. Vouillamoz ''Wine Grapes - A complete guide to 1,368 vine varieties, including their origins and flavours'' pg 54 Allen Lane 2012 ISBN 978-1-846-14446-2〕
Despite sharing several similar synonyms, Arneis has no genetic relationship to the notable Piedmontese red wine grape Nebbiolo but the two grapes do share a close historic relationship. For centuries the white Arneis grape was used to soften the tannins and harshness of Nebbiolo grape in the wines of the Barolo region, hence the common synonym of ''Nebbiolo bianco'', ''Barolo bianco'' or "white Barolo".〔 Oz Clarke ''Encyclopedia of Grapes'' pg 38 Harcourt Books 2001 ISBN 0-15-100714-4 〕 In the vineyard, Arneis was often planted with Nebbiolo in a field blend with the aim of having the sweet scent of ripe Arneis berries attract birds and keep them away from the more valuable Nebbiolo clusters.〔
In the 20th century, as Barolo producers begun focusing on 100% varietal Nebbiolo, acreage steadily declined almost to the point where the variety was on the verge of extinction. By the 1970s, only two producers were making any kind of Arneis, Bruno Giacosa and Vietti.〔 The 1980s saw a renaissance in interest for white Piedmont wines and plantings began to increase. By 2000, there were .〔 By 2006 the number of plantings of Arneis declined to around nearly all found in the Roero and Langhe region of Piedmont.〔
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