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Melid (Hittite: ''Malidiya''〔"(Melid )." ''Reallexikon der Assyriologie.'' Accessed 12 Dec 2010.〕 and possibly also ''Midduwa'';〔''KBo'' V 8 IV 18. Op. cit. Puhvel, Jaan. ''Trends in Linguistics: (Hittite Etymological Dictionary ):'' Vol. 6: ''Words Beginning with M.'' Walter de Gruyter, 2004. Accessed 12 Dec 2010.〕 Akkadian: Meliddu;〔Hawkins, John D. ''Corpus of Hieroglyphic Luwian Inscriptions. Vol. 1: Inscriptions of the Iron Age.'' Walter de Gruyter, 2000.〕 Urartian: Melitea; Latin: Melitene) was an ancient city on the Tohma River, a tributary of the upper Euphrates rising in the Taurus Mountains. It has been identified with modern archaeological site ''Arslantepe'' near Malatya, Turkey. ==History== The site has been inhabited since the development of agriculture in the fertile crescent dating to the Uruk period. Around 3000 BCE, there was widespread burning and destruction, after which Kura-Araxes culture pottery appeared in the area. This was a mainly pastoralist culture connected with Caucasus mountains. Numerous similarities have been found between these early layers at Arslantepe, and the somewhat later site of Birecik (Birecik Dam Cemetery), also in Turkey, to the southwest of Melid.〔 Schmidt-Schultz Tyedje, Schultz Michael, Sadori Laura, Palmieri A., Morbidelli Paola, Hauptmann Andreas, Di Nocera Gian Maria, Frangipane Marcella, (''New Symbols of a New Power in a "Royal" Tomb from 3 000 BC Arslantepe, Malatya (Turkey).'' ) Paléorient, 2001, vol. 27, n°2. pp. 105-139〕 From the Bronze Age the site became an administrative center of a larger region in the kingdom of Isuwa. The city was heavily fortified, probably due to the Hittite threat from the west. The Hittites conquered the city in the fourteenth century BC. In the mid 14th century BC, Melid was the base of the Hittite king Suppiluliuma I on his campaign to sack the Mitanni capital Wassukanni. After the end of the Hittite empire, from the 12th to 7th century BC, the city became the center of an independent Luwian Neo-Hittite state of Kammanu. A palace was built and monumental stone sculptures of lions and the ruler erected. The encounter with the Assyrian king of Tiglath-Pileser I (1115-1077 BC) resulted in the kingdom of Melid being forced to pay tribute to Assyria. Melid remained able to prosper until the Assyrian king Sargon II (722-705 BC) sacked the city in 712 BC.〔J. D. Hawkins, Assyrians and Hittites, Iraq, vol. 36, no. 1/2, pp. 67-83, 1974〕 At the same time, the Cimmerians and Scythians invaded Anatolia and the city declined. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Melid」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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