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''Arthrophyllum'' is a defunct genus of flowering plants in the family Araliaceae.〔Gregory M. Plunkett, Jun Wen, Porter P. Lowry II, Murray J. Henwood, Pedro Fiaschi, and Anthony D. Mitchell. accepted, undated. Araliaceae, pages ??. In: Klaus Kubitzki (editor); ?? (volume editor). ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants'' volume ??. Springer-Verlag: Berlin; Heidelberg, Germany. ISBN ??〕 It was recognized by most authors until 2010, when all of its 30 species were "sunk" into ''Polyscias'' subgenus Arthrophyllum.〔Porter P. Lowry II and Gregory M. Plunkett. 2010. "Recircumscription of ''Polyscias'' (Araliaceae) to include six related genera, with a new infrageneric classification and a synopsis of species". ''Plant Diversity and Evolution'' (formerly ''Botanische Jahrbucher'') 128(1-2):55-84. . (See ''External links'' below).〕 ''Arthrophyllum'' is mostly a genus of shrubs and small to medium trees, but it contains a few large trees, and in New Caledonia, a few lianas, as well. They are noted for their large and apparently leafy inflorescences, up to across. The fruit is 1-seeded and the ovary is unilocular.〔David G. Frodin and Rafaël Govaerts. 2003. ''World Checklist and Bibliography of Araliaceae''. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. ISBN 978-1-84246-048-1. (See ''External links'' below).〕 The genus is indigenous to Indomalesia and islands of the southwestern Pacific.〔David J. Mabberley. 2008. ''Mabberley's Plant-Book'' third edition (2008). Cambridge University Press: UK. ISBN 978-0-521-82071-4. (See ''External links'' below).〕 The most widespread and variable of the species is ''Polyscias jackiana'' (formerly ''Arthrophyllum jackianum''). Until 2003, it was usually treated as conspecific with ''Polyscias diversifolia''. The New Guinea species ''Polyscias macranthum'' can occasionally become quite large and is locally used for lumber.〔 The four species from New Caledonia were once placed in a separate genus, ''Eremopanax'', distinguished by seeds containing smooth endosperm, versus ruminate endosperm for ''Arthrophyllum''. It was later determined that this character does not clearly distinguish the two genera, and they were united under ''Arthrophyllum'' by William Raymond Philipson in 1978, bringing the total number of species up to about 30.〔William R. Philipson. 1978. "The Identity of ''Arthrophyllum'' and ''Eremopanax'' (Araliaceae)". ''Adansonia'' (series 2) 17(3):329-333.〕 For ''Arthrophyllum'' in New Caledonia, the taxonomic history is complex, because the species are not clearly distinct, and their circumscription has varied greatly from one author to another. According to Index Nominum Genericorum, no type species was ever designated for ''Arthrophyllum''.〔Index Nominum Genericorum. In: Regnum Vegetabile (see ''External links'' below).〕 When the former genus ''Arthrophyllum'' became part of ''Polyscias'' subgenus Arthrophyllum in 2010, ''Polyscias diversifolia'' was designated as the type for the subgenus.〔 ''Polyscias'' subgenus Arthrophyllum consists of all of the 30 species from the former genus ''Arthrophyllum'', all of the four species from the former genus ''Kissodendron'', and four species already placed in ''Polyscias''. == Species in ''Polyscias'' subgenus Arthrophyllum == The following species list is for ''Polyscias'' subgenus Arthrophyllum, and is taken from Lowry and Plunkett (2010).〔 For some of the species, the delimitation or the specific epithet is different from that of Frodin and Govaerts (2003).〔 These changes are explained below. The list in the taxobox is for the former genus ''Arthrophyllum'' and is from Frodin and Govaerts (2003). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Arthrophyllum」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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