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Arthur is a common masculine given name. Its etymology is disputed, but its popularity derives from its being the name of the legendary hero King Arthur. ''Art'' and ''Artie'' are diminutive forms of the name. A common spelling variant used in many Slavic, Romance, and Germanic languages is ''Artur''. ==Etymology== The origin of the name Arthur remains a matter of debate. Some suggest it is derived from the Roman ''nomen gentile'' (family name) ''Artōrius'', of obscure and contested etymology (but possibly of Messapic〔Marcella Chelotti, Vincenza Morizio, Marina Silvestrini, Le epigrafi romane di Canosa, Volume 1, Edipuglia srl, 1990, pg. 261, 264.〕〔Ciro Santoro, "Per la nuova iscrizione messapica di Oria", La Zagaglia, A. VII, n. 27, 1965, P. 271-293.〕〔Ciro Santoro, La Nuova Epigrafe Messapica "IM 4. 16, I-III" di Ostuni ed nomi in Art-, Ricerche e Studi, Volume 12, 1979, p. 45-60〕 or Etruscan origin〔Wilhelm Schulze, Zur Geschichte lateinischer Eigennamen (Volume 5, Issue 2 of Abhandlungen der Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, Philologisch-Historische Klasse, Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften Göttingen Philologisch-Historische Klasse) , 2nd Edition, Weidmann, 1966, p. 72, pp. 333-338〕〔Olli Salomies: Die römischen Vornamen. Studien zur römischen Namengebung. Helsinki 1987, p. 68〕〔Herbig, Gust., "Falisca", Glotta, Band II, Göttingen, 1910, p. 98〕). Some scholars have noted that the legendary King Arthur's name only appears as ''Arthur'', or ''Arturus'', in early Latin Arthurian texts, never as ''Artōrius'' (although the Classical Latin Artōrius became Arturius in some Vulgar Latin dialects). However, this may not say anything about the origin of the name ''Arthur'', as ''Artōrius'' would regularly become ''Art(h)ur'' when borrowed into Welsh. Another possibility is that it is derived from a Brittonic patronym '' *Arto-rīg-ios'' (the root of which, '' *arto-rīg-'' "bear-king" is to be found in the Old Irish personal name ''Art-ri'') via a Latinized form Artōrius.〔Zimmer, Stefan, "The Name of Arthur - A New Etymology ", Journal of Celtic Linguistics, Volume 13, Number 1, March 2009, University of Wales Press, pp. 131-136.〕 Less likely is the commonly proposed derivation from Welsh ''arth'' "bear" + (g)wr "man" (earlier '' *Arto-uiros'' in Brittonic); there are phonological difficulties with this theory—notably that a Brittonic compound name '' *Arto-uiros'' should produce Old Welsh '' *Artgur'' and Middle/Modern Welsh '' *Arthwr'' and not ''Arthur'' (in Welsh poetry the name is always spelled ''Arthur'' and is exclusively rhymed with words ending in ''-ur''—never words ending in ''-wr''—which confirms that the second element cannot be ''()wr'' "man").〔See .〕〔See .〕 An alternative theory, which has only gained limited acceptance among scholars,〔Bromwich, Rachel, Trioedd ynys Prydein: the Welsh triads, University of Wales Press, 1978, p. 544〕〔Zimmer, Stefan, Die keltischen Wurzeln der Artussage: mit einer vollständigen Übersetzung der ältesten Artuserzählung Culhwch und Olwen, Winter, 2006, p. 37〕〔Zimmer, Stefan, "The Name of Arthur - A New Etymology ", Journal of Celtic Linguistics, Volume 13, Number 1, March 2009, University of Wales Press, pp. 131-136.〕〔Walter, Philippe, Faccia M. (trans.), Artù. L'orso e il re, Edizioni Arkeios, 2005, p. 74.〕〔Johnson, Flint, The British sources of the abduction and Grail romances, University Press of America, 2002, pp. 38-39.〕〔Chambers, Edmund Kerchever, Arthur of Britain, Speculum Historiale, 1964, p. 170〕 derives the name Arthur from the Latin Arcturus (the brightest star in the constellation Boötes, near Ursa Major or the Great Bear〔(arctūrus ), Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short, ''A Latin Dictionary'', on Perseus〕), which is the latinisation of the Greek Αρκτοῦρος (''Arktouros'') and means "Guardian of the Bear",〔(Αρκτοῦρος ), Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus〕 ultimately from ἄρκτος (''arktos''), "bear"〔(ἄρκτος ), Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus〕 + οὖρος (''ouros''), "watcher, guardian".〔(οὖρος ), Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus〕 Classical Latin ''Arcturus'' would also have become ''Art(h)ur'' when borrowed into Welsh, and its brightness and position in the sky led people to regard it as the "guardian of the bear" and the "leader" of the other stars in Boötes.〔; .〕 A similar first name is Old Irish ''Artúr'', which is believed to be derived directly from an early Old Welsh or Cumbric ''Artur''.〔 * Jaski, Bart, Early Irish examples of the name Arthur, Z.C.P. band 56, 2004.〕 The earliest historically attested bearer of the name is a son or grandson of Áedán mac Gabráin (d. AD 609).〔Adomnán, I, 8–9 and translator's note 81; Bannerman, pp. 82–83. Bannerman, pp. 90–91, notes that Artúr is the son of Conaing, son of Áedán in the ''Senchus fer n-Alban''.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Arthur」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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