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Articaine is a dental amide-type local anesthetic. It is the most widely used local anesthetic in a number of European countries〔Oertel R, Ebert U, Rahn R, Kirch W. Clinical pharmacokinetics of articaine. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1997 Dec;33(6):418.〕 and is available in many countries around the world. ==History== This drug was first synthesized by Rusching in 1969,〔Malamed SF. Handbook of local anaesthesia, p. 71, 5th ed. St. Louis,Mosby; 2004.〕 and brought to the market in Germany by Hoechst AG, a life-sciences German company, under the brand name Ultracain. This drug was originally referred to as "carticaine" until 1984.〔 In 1983 it was brought into the North American market, to Canada, under the name Ultracaine for dental use, manufactured in Germany and distributed by Hoechst-Marion-Roussel. This brand is currently manufactured in Germany by Sanofi-Aventis and distributed in North America by Hansamed Limited (since 1999). After Ultracaine's patent protection expired, new generic versions arrived to the Canadian market: (in order of appearance) Septanest (Septodont), Astracaine, (originally by AstraZeneca and now a Dentsply product), Zorcaine (Carestream Health/Kodak) and Orabloc (Pierrel) It was approved by the FDA in April 2000, and became available in the United States of America two months later under the brand name Septocaine, an anesthetic/vasoconstrictor combination with Epinephrine 1:100,000 (trade name Septodont). Zorcaine became available there a few years later, also. Articadent (Dentsply) became available in the United States in October 2010. The three brands currently available in the United States are all manufactured for these companies by Novocol Pharmaceuticals Inc. (Canada). Ubistesin and Ubistesin Forte (3M ESPE) are also widely used in the United States and Europe. Orabloc (Pierrel) is aseptically manufactured and was approved by the FDA in 2010, became available in Canada in 2011, and in Europe from 2013. Articaine is currently available for the North American dental market: * In Canada: * *As articaine hydrochloride 4% with epinephrine 1:100,000 * * *Ubistesin Forte * * *Ultracaine DSF * * *Septanest SP * * *Astracaine Forte * * *Zorcaine * * *Orabloc (articaine hydrochloride 4% and epinephrine 1:100,000) * *As articaine hydrochloride 4% with epinephrine 1:200,000 * * *Ubistesin * * *Ultracaine DS * * *Septanest N * * *Astracaine * * *Orabloc (articaine hydrochloride 4% and epinephrine 1:200,000) *In the USA: * *As articaine hydrochloride 4% with epinephrine 1:100,000 * * *Septocaine with epinephrine 1:100,000 * * *Zorcaine * * *Articadent with epinephrine 1:100,000 * * *Orabloc (articaine hydrochloride 4% and epinephrine 1:100,000) * *As articaine hydrochloride 4% with epinephrine 1:200,000 * * *Septocaine with epinephrine 1:200,000 * * *Articadent with epinephrine 1:200,000 * * *Orabloc (articaine hydrochloride 4% and epinephrine 1:200,000) An epinephrine-free (adrenaline-free) version is available in Europe under the brand name Ultracain D. However, version with epinephrine (adrenaline) is available in Europe under the brand name Supracain 4% with epinephrine concentration of 1:200,000. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Articaine」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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