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Artiglio
The ''Artiglio'' ("Talon") was a steamship used as a salvage ship by the shipping company SO.RI.MA. (Society for Maritime Recovery) of Genoa, founded in 1926 by Commendatore Giovanni Quaglia. At the time of her loss in 1930, ''Artiglio'' was the world's most modern salvage ship.〔
== History ==
The ''Artiglio'' was built in Glasgow in 1906. It was initially named the ''Macbeth'' and later called the ''Ideale''.〔 It was the flagship of a small fleet which included the , ''Raffio'' and ''Arpione'', outfitted in the twenties and used for the recovery of sunken ships mainly during the First World War and after the Second World War, and crewed by a group of experienced divers. The fleet was equipped with innovative equipment and futuristic at the time, thanks to the dynamism of its owner who bought the first modern and functional atmospheric diving suit, and the inventiveness of Alberto Gianni, known for inventing the "torretta butoscopica", an exploration turret used for recoveries at great depth, then still too risky for divers with the classic equipment.
The ''Artiglio'' in particular received much attention in international news when it was sent, on behalf of Lloyd's of London, to the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Brest, France, in search of the ocean liner SS ''Egypt'', flying the British flag, carrying a valuable cargo consisting of coins and gold bullion for the banks of India, then still a British colony. Following various sensational failures by other major English and Dutch recovery companies, the research and recovery contract was offered to SO.RI.MA. of Genoa. Head diver Alberto Gianni was in command of operations. The wreck of ''Egypt'' was identified on 29 August 1930 at a depth of -130m but the bad winter weather forced postponement of the recovery to the following spring. In the meantime, the ''Artiglio'' was sent to the island of Belle Île, in the northwest of France, to recover the , which sank in 1917, carrying a large quantity of explosives, on the harbor front obstructing the passage.
During the demolition of ''Florence H.'', it was erroneously assumed that the explosive, submerged for more than 13 years, was not reactive. On 8 December 1930, as a result of a demolition charge, the payload inside the ship also exploded. The ''Artiglio'', positioned by a fatal error of assessment at an insufficient distance, was destroyed by the explosion and sank in the Bay of Biscay between Belle Île and Houat, Morbihan, France. Twelve crew members died in the accident, including divers Alberto Gianni, Aristide Franceschi, and Alberto Bargellini, all from Viareggio,〔 and the ship's commander, Captain Bertolotto di Camogli.〔 The survivors were rescued by the ''Rostro''.〔〔〔
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