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As-Nas ( آس ناس ) is a card game or type of playing cards that were used in Persia. ==Description== The design of the packs is simple, consisting of only five individual card designs, each with a distinctive background colour. The designs are repeated either four or five times, to make a total of 20 or 25 cards. As Nas cards are rectangular in format, and relatively small, for example 4 x 6 cm. Like Ganjifa cards they are generally hand painted, although some later examples use a collage technique to add a ready-made printed image onto the painted background. The designs are 'single headed' (not doubled like modern standard playing cards), and have no indexes or titles. However the background colours enable players to immediately recognise what cards they have in hand. Generally the cards have a decorative border, often with an oval shape set in a rectangular frame. There is considerable variety in the imagery used. Generally the 5 designs have an ace featuring an animal design, and four court cards. This configuration may explain the name 'As-Nas'. 'As' is the term for the 'ace' card.〔Note that in modern Farsi there are other terms used for the ace: ' تک ' from the word for one, or single, and ' توس ' which could possibly be a borrowing from the word 'deuce' or the German term 'daus' (in German and Swiss playing cards the equivalent of the ace is the deuce, with two pips).〕 Regarding the word 'Nas', it can be found in both Arabic and Persian, with meanings such as 'people' or 'mankind'.〔See for example a English-Persian dictionary from 1841: https://books.google.fr/books?id=3T1bAAAAQAAJ&dq=Dictionary%20persian%20RAMDHUN&pg=PA191#v=onepage&q&f=false . In Arabic the term can be found in the Oxford Essential Arabic Dictionary (2010) and the Abdelnour de Poche (Beirut, 2007).〕 Hence the name 'As-Nas' would refer to pack with aces and a series of people. The different figures show people from various social classes. Typically the designs of the cards are as follows, from highest to lowest: * ''As'' ( آس ): Ace. Common designs include a Lion with the sun or moon in the background; Lions and/or dragons in combat, the beasts biting each other, sometimes with leopards or other animals added; a hunter on horseback, being attacked by a wild beast. * ''Shah'' ( شاه ): King, often sitting on a throne, or sometimes on horseback. * ''Bibi'' ( بی بی ): Lady, often shown seated, holding a child. * ''Serbaz'' ( سرباز ): Soldier. * ''Couli'' or ''Lakat'' ( لکات ) : the lowest card, generally a dancing-girl or a pair of dancers, or musician. Other than the image types described above, various alternative versions can be found, for example packs featuring only flowers,〔For example Fournier museum collection, reference Persia 00008, inventory number 43399〕 and erotic or obscene versions. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「As-Nas」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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