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Ash'arism or Ashʿari theology (;〔("al-Ashʿari" ). ''Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary''.〕 (アラビア語:الأشعرية) ''al-Asha`riyya'' or ''al-Ashā`irah'') is an early theological school of Islam (Sunni in particular) founded by Imam Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari (d. 324 AH / 936 AD).〔Tabyin Kadhib al-Muftari fima Nussiba ila al-Imam al-Ash`ari (Ibn 'Asakir)〕 The disciples of the school are known as Ash'arites, and the school is also referred to as the Ash'arite school. Amongst the most famous Ash'arites: Al-Bayhaqi, Al-Nawawi, Al-Ghazali, Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam, Al-Suyuti, Ibn 'Asakir, Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani, Al-Qurtubi and Al-Subki.〔Hamad al-Sanan, Fawziy al-'Anjariy, ''Ahl al-Sunnah al-Asha'irah'', pp.248-258. Dar al-Diya'.〕 ==Origin== Ash'arism is considered to be a key school of Sunni Islam. The scholar Al-Saffarini (d. 1188) gave the following definition of the three Sunni schools in his ''Lawami al-Anwar'': "Ahl al-Sunnah consist of three groups: the textualists (al-Athariyya), whose Imam is Ahmad ibn Hanbal, the Ash'aris, whose Imam is Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari, and the Maturidis, whose Imam is Abu Mansur al-Maturidi and they are all one sect, the saved sect, and they are Ahl al-Hadith."〔(Muslim Matters: "Islamic Theologies of Ahl al-Sunna: Theological Indoctrination or Education?" by Moutasem Atiya ) February 6, 2015〕 The school arose mainly as a response to the Mu'tazila school of thought and some of their beliefs, which to some Muslims seemed strange and against previously-held opinions. For example, the Mu'tazila believed the Quran to be created, whereas Ash'arites believe that it is uncreated. On the other hand, the new movement made a big shift for Islam. This new school became a base in educating Islam as a religion, as it depended on rationalism in understanding Islam from the Quran and the Hadith. Ash'arites state that Islamic faith is based on using the mind. With the prevalence of globalization, it became noticed that Ash'arism is rejected and attacked by Salafis, who reject the concept of depending on the mind as a basic way for understanding the Quran. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ash'ari」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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