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*California (United States) *Lebanon *Turkey |agency = Institute of Language (Armenian National Academy of Sciences) |script = Armenian alphabet Armenian Braille |iso1 = hy |iso2b = arm |iso2t = hye |lc1 = hye |ld1 = Modern Armenian |lc2 = xcl |ld2 = Classical Armenian |lc3 = axm |ld3 = Middle Armenian |lingua = 57-AAA-a |glotto = arme1241 |glottorefname= Armenian |notice = IPA |map=Idioma armenio.png |mapcaption=The Armenian-speaking world: }} The Armenian language ( (:hɑjɛˈɾɛn) ') is an Indo-European language spoken by the Armenians. It is the official language of the Republic of Armenia and the self-proclaimed Nagorno-Karabakh Republic. It has historically been spoken throughout the Armenian Highlands and today is widely spoken in the Armenian diaspora. Armenian has its own unique script, the Armenian alphabet, restored in 405 CE by Mesrop Mashtots. Linguists classify Armenian as an independent branch of the Indo-European language family.〔(Armenian language – Britannica Online Encyclopedia )〕 It is of interest to linguists for its distinctive phonological developments within the Indo-European languages. Armenian shares a number of major innovations with Greek, and some linguists group these two languages with Phrygian and the Indo-Iranian〔''Handbook of Formal Languages'' (1997) (p. 6 ).〕〔(''Indo-European tree with Armeno-Aryan, exclusion of Greek'' )〕 family into a higher-level subgroup of Indo-European, which is defined by such shared innovations as the augment. More recently, others have proposed a Balkan grouping including Greek, Phrygian, Armenian, and Albanian.〔''Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction'', Benjamin W. Fortson, John Wiley and Sons, 2009, p383.〕〔Hans J. Holm (2011): “Swadesh lists” of Albanian Revisited and Consequences for its position in the Indo-European Languages. The Journal of Indo-European Studies, Volume 39, Number 1&2.〕 Armenia was a monolingual country by the second century BC at the latest.〔Strabo, Geographica, XI, 14, 5; Հայոց լեզվի համառոտ պատմություն, Ս. Ղ. Ղազարյան։ Երևան, 1981, էջ 33 (Concise History of Armenian Language, S. Gh. Ghazaryan. Yerevan, 1981, p. 33).〕 Its language has a long literary history, with a fifth-century Bible translation as its oldest surviving text. Its vocabulary has been heavily influenced by Western Middle Iranian languages, particularly Parthian, and to a lesser extent by Greek, Persian, and Arabic throughout its history. There are two standardized modern literary forms, Eastern Armenian and Western Armenian, with which most contemporary dialects are mutually intelligible. ==Classification and origins== (詳細はBehistun Inscription and Xenophon's 4th century BC history, ''The Anabasis''),〔"Armenia as Xenophon Saw It", p. 47, ''A History of Armenia''. Vahan Kurkjian, 2008〕 the oldest surviving Armenian-language text is the 5th-century AD Bible translation of Mesrop Mashtots, who restored or created the Armenian alphabet in 405 AD, at which time it had 36 letters. He is also credited by some with the creation of the Caucasian Albanian and Georgian alphabet. In his same 4th century BC ''Anabasis'', Xenophon, describes many aspects of Armenian village life and hospitality in around 401 BC. He relates that the Armenian people spoke a language that to his ear sounded like the language of the Persians. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Armenian language」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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