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Askold
Askold (''Haskuldr'' in Old East Norse and ''Höskuldr'' in Old West Norse) was a prince of Kiev and founder of the first Eastern Slavic state formation in Dnieper Ukraine.〔Kotlyar, M. ''(Askold )''. Small Dictionary of History of Ukraine. "Lybid". Kiev 1997〕 He was a descendent of the Kyi Dynasty,〔Mamchak, M. ''(Askold, Prince of Kiev )''. Ukrainian Life in Sevastopol.〕 and the first Christian Prince of Kiev.〔Zhuk, P. ''(1150th Anniversary of the Kiev Metropolis and 1950 years Christianity expansion: will we celebrate it at a state level? ). UNIAN. 4 January 2012〕 According to the Nikon Chronicle Askold's name was spelled out as Oskold.〔Kotlyar, M. ''(Prinices of Kiev Kyi and Askold )''. Warhitory.ukrlife.org. 2002〕 Nonetheless, Askold is widely popular however after the ''Primary Chronicle'' where he along with another voivode Dir were of Rurik's clan in the 870s. That chronicle implies that they were neither his relatives nor of noble blood.
==Primary Chronicle==
The ''Primary Chronicle'' relates that Askold and Dir were sanctioned by Rurik to go to Constantinople (Norse ''Miklagård'', Slavic ''Tsargrad''). When travelling on the Dnieper, they saw a settlement on a mountain and asked to whom it belonged. They were told that it was Kiev and had been built by three brothers named Kyi, Schek and Khoriv, who were the ancestors of the inhabitants, who were now paying tribute to the Khazars. Askold and Dir settled in the town and gathered a large number of fellow Varangians and began to rule the town and the land of the eastern Polans. The chronicle also states that they were killed by Oleg the Seer around 882,〔Many scholars believe the conquest of Kiev took place a generation later; see Oleg of Novgorod for discussion of the controversy surrounding this date.〕 yet they were buried in various places. According to the Primary Chronicle he tricked and killed Askold and Dir using an elaborate scheme. Vasily Tatischev, Boris Rybakov and some other Russian and Ukrainian historians interpreted the 882 coup d'état in Kiev as the reaction of the pagan Varangians to Askold's baptism. Tatischev went so far as to style Askold "the first Russian martyr".
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