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Ashkelon
Ashkelon also Ashqelon and Ascalon; ( (:aʃkelon) ; (アラビア語:عسقلان) '; (ラテン語:Ascalonia ); Akkadian: '; Ancient Greek: Ἀσκάλων, ''Askalon'') is a coastal city in the Southern District of Israel on the Mediterranean coast, south of Tel Aviv, and north of the border with the Gaza Strip. The ancient seaport of Ashkelon dates back to the Neolithic Age. In the course of its history, it has been ruled by the Ancient Egyptians, the Philistines, the Israelites, the Assyrians, the Babylonians, the Greeks, the Phoenicians, the Hasmoneans, the Romans, the Persians, the Arabs and the Crusaders, until it was destroyed by the Mamluks in 1270.
The Arab village of al-Majdal or al-Majdal Asqalan ((アラビア語:المجدل); (ヘブライ語:אל-מג'דל, מגדל)), was established a few kilometres inland from the ancient site in the 16th century, under Ottoman rule. In 1918, it became part of the British Occupied Enemy Territory Administration and in 1920 became part of Mandatory Palestine. In the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, al-Majdal was the forward position of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force based in Gaza.
The village was occupied by Israeli forces on 5 November 1948, by which time most of the Arab population of 11,000 had fled.〔B. Morris, The transfer of Al Majdal's remaining Palestinians to Gaza, 1950, in 1948 and After; Israel and the Palestinians.〕 Jews moved into the area later that year. The Israeli town was initially called Migdal Gaza, Migdal Gad and Migdal Ashkelon. In 1953, the nearby neighborhood of Afridar was incorporated and the name "Ashkelon" was readopted to the town. By 1961, Ashkelon was ranked 18th among Israeli urban centers with a population of 24,000.〔 In the population of Ashkelon was .
==Etymology==
The name Ashkelon is probably western Semitic, and might be connected to the root ''š-q-l'' ("to weigh" from a Semitic root ''ṯql'', akin to Hebrew ''šāqal'' or Arabic ''θiql'' "weight") perhaps attesting to its importance as a center for mercantile activities. ''Scallion'' and ''shallot'' are derived from ''Ascalonia'', the Latin name for Ashkelon.〔(shallot ). CollinsDictionary.com. Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 11th Edition. Retrieved 30 September 2012.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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