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Assiniboine
The Assiniboine or Assiniboin people ( when singular, when plural; Ojibwe: ''Asinaan'', "stone Sioux"; also in plural Assiniboine or Assiniboin), also known as the Hohe and known by the endonym Nakota (or Nakoda or Nakona), are a Sioux First Nations/Native American people originally from the Northern Great Plains of North America. Today, they are centered in present-day Saskatchewan, but they have also populated parts of Alberta, southwestern Manitoba, northern Montana and western North Dakota. They were well known throughout much of the late 18th and early 19th century. Images of Assiniboine people were painted by such 19th-century artists as Karl Bodmer and George Catlin.
==Names==
The Europeans and Americans adopted names that other tribes used for the Assiniboine; only later learning the self-appellation of this tribe, or autonym. In Siouan, they traditionally called themselves the ''Hohe Nakota''. With the widespread adoption of English, however, many now use the English name. The English borrowed ''Assiniboine'' from earlier French colonists, who had adapted it from what they heard from the Ojibwe. They called the people in Ojibwe ''asinii-bwaan'' (stone Sioux). The Cree called them ''asinîpwâta'' (asinîpwâta ᐊᓯᓃᐹᐧᑕ ''NA sg'', asinîpwâtak ᐊᓯᓃᐹᐧᑕᐠ ''NA pl''). In the same way, ''Assnipwan'' comes from the word ''asinîpwâta'' in the western Cree dialects, from ''asiniy'' ᐊᓯᓂᐩ ''NA'' – "rock, stone" – and ''pwâta'' ᐹᐧᑕ ''NA'' – "enemy, Sioux". Early French traders in the west were often familiar with Algonquian languages. They transliterated many Cree or Ojibwe exonyms for other western Canadian indigenous peoples during the early colonial era. The English referred to the Assiniboine by adopting terms from the French spelled using English phonetics.
Other tribes associated "stone" with the Assiniboine because they primarily cooked with heated stones. They dropped hot stones into water to heat it to boiling for cooking meat. Some writers saw this as the association of the Ojibway term "Assin", stone, and the French "bouillir", to boil, but such an etymology is very unlikely 〔George Bryce, "The Assiniboine River and its Forts", Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada, 1893, Section II, p. 69.〕
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