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Astraspis
''Astraspis'' ('star shield') is an extinct genus of primitive jawless fish from the Ordovician of Central North America and Bolivia (Gagnier, 1993) . It is related to other Ordovician fishes, such as the South American ''Sacabambaspis'', and the Australian ''Arandaspis''. ==Description== Nearly complete fossils suggest the living animals were about in length. The body had a mobile tail covered with small protective plate-like scales of less than and a forebody covered with plate-like scales larger than . The specimen from North America (described by Sansom et al., 1997) is to have had relatively large, laterally-positioned eyes and a series of eight gill openings on each side. The specimen was generally oval in cross-section. The protective bony plates covering the animal were composed of aspidin (chemically similar to modern shark's teeth), covered by tubercles composed of dentine.〔Sansom IJ, Smith MP, Smith MM and Turner P (1997) ("''Astraspis'': The anatomy and histology of an Ordovician fish" ) Palaeontology'', 40 (3): 625–642.〕 It is from these tubercles (which are generally star-shaped) that the name 'Astraspis' (literally "star-shield") is derived.
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