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Astroinformatics is an interdisciplinary field of study involving the combination of astronomy and information/communications technologies.〔(Astroinformatics and digitization of astronomical heritage ), Nikolay Kirov. The fifth SEEDI International Conference Digitization of cultural and scientific heritage, May 19–20, 2010, Sarajevo. Retrieved 1 November 2012.〕 ==Background== The field involves using modern technologies to preserve and analyze historical astronomical observations. Astroinformatics aims to digitize historical and recent astronomical observations and images in a large database for efficient retrieval through web-based interfaces.〔〔(Astroinformatics in Canada ), Nicholas M. Ball, David Schade. Retrieved 1 November 2012.〕 Another aim is to help develop new methods and software for astronomers, as well as to help facilitate the process and analysis of the rapidly growing amount of data in the field of astronomy. Astroinformatics is described as the fourth paradigm of astronomical research. There are many research areas involved with astroinformatics, such as data mining, machine learning, statistics, visualization, scientific data management, and semantic science. The amount of data collected form astronomical sky surveys has grown from gigabytes to terabytes throughout the past decade and is predicted to grow into tens of hundred of petabytes in the next decade. This plethora of new data both enables and challenges effective astronomical research. Therefore new approaches are required. In part, due to this data-driven science is becoming a recognized academic discipline. Consequently astronomy (and other scientific disciplines) are developing sub-disciplines information and data intensive to an extent that these sub-disciplines are now becoming (or have already become) stand alone research disciplines and full-fledged academic programs. While many institutes of education do not boast an astroinformatics program, the most likely will in the near future. What is informatics? Informatics has been recently defined as "the use of digital data, information, and related services for research and knowledge generation". However the usual, or commonly used definition is "informatics is the discipline of organizing, accessing, integrating, and mining data from multiple sources for discovery and decision support." Therefore it is likely that the discipline of astroinformatics will, or already does, include many naturally-related specialties including data modelling, data organization etc. It may also includes transformation and normalization methods for data integration and information visualization, as well as knowledge extraction, indexing techniques, information retrieval and data mining methods. Classification taxonomies and astrostatistics will also be heavily involved. All these specialties enable scientific discovery across varied massive data collections. They also allow for collaborative research and data re-use, in both research and learning environments. Astroinformatics provides a natural context for the integration of education and research. The experience of research can now be implemented within the classroom through the easy re-use of data. It also has many other uses, such as repurposing archival data for new projects, literature-data links, intelligent retrieval of information, and many others. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Astroinformatics」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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