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Asōristān ( ''Asōristān / Asōrestān'') was (between 226 AD and 637 AD) the name of the Sasanian provinces of Assyria which included Babylonia to the south, although the name Asorestan technically meant only Assyria which was in fact just to the north of Babylonia. Asōristān was largely identical with ancient Mesopotamia.〔 The borders were, in the west, the Euphrates and, in the east, a strip of land east of the Tigris.〔 The northern border probably went along a line from Diyarbakir, through Harran to the Hakkari mountains.〔 Asoristan (meaning ''the land of the Assyrians'' in Persian) was the capital province of the Sasanian Empire and was called ''Del-i Ērānshahr'' (lit. "The Heart of Iran") in Persian.〔 The city of Ctesiphon served as the capital of both the Parthian and Sasanian empires, and was for some time the largest city in the world. The main language spoken by the indigenous Assyrian population was Eastern Aramaic, with the Assyrian founded Syriac dialect becoming an important vehicle for Christianity, with the Church of the East being founded in Assyria. During the Parthian Empire (150 BC - 225 AD) the land had been known as Athura (eastern Aramaic for Assyria). The Parthians had exercised only loose control at times, allowing for a number of Syriac speaking Assyrian kingdoms to flourish in Upper Mesopotamia, the independent Osroene, as well as the districts of Adiabene and the partly Assyrian state of Hatra. The Sassanids conquered Assyria and Mesopotamia from the Parthians during the 220s AD, and by 260 AD had abolished these Assyrian mini-states, with the 3000-year-old city of Ashur being sacked in 256 AD. Some regions appear to have remained partly autonomous as late as the latter part of the 4th century AD, with an Assyrian king named Sennacherib II reputedly ruling a part of Assyria in the 370s AD. Between 633 and 638 AD, the region was invaded by the Muslim Arabs, and annexed by the Islamic Rashidun Caliphate and together with Mayshan became the province of al-'Irāq. Asoristan was devolved by 639 AD, bringing an end to over 3,000 years of Assyria as a Geo-Political entity. A century later, the area became the capital province of the Abbasid Caliphate and the centre of Islamic civilization for five hundred years; from the 8th to the 13th centuries. After the Arab Islamic Conquest Asoristan saw a gradual but large influx of ''Non-Indigenous'' Muslim peoples, firstly Arabs, but later also including Muslim Iranic and Turkic peoples. The Assyrian population (known as Ashuriyun by the Arabs) continued to endure, rejecting ''Arabization'' and ''Islamification'', and continued to form the majority population of the north as late as the 14th century AD, until the religiously motivated massacres of Tamurlane drastically reduced their numbers and led to the city of Ashur being finally abandoned. After this the Assyrians became the ethnic, linguistic and religious minority in their homeland that they are to this day. ==Name== The Parthian name ''Asōristān'' (; also spelled ''Asoristan'', ''Asuristan'', ''Asurestan'', ''Assuristan'') is known from Shapur I's inscription on the Ka'ba-ye Zartosht, and from the inscription of Narseh at Paikuli.〔 The adjective ''āsōrīg'' in Middle Persian accordingly means “Assyrian”.〔 The region was also called several other names: Assyria, Athura ''Bēṯ Aramāyē'' (), ''Bābēl / Bābil'', and ''Erech / Erāq''. After the mid-6th century it was also called ''Khvārvarān'' in Persian. The name Asōrestān is a compound of ''Asōr'' ("Assyria") and the Iranian suffix ''-estān'' ("land of"). The name Assyria, in the form ''Asōrestān'', was shifted to include ancient Babylonia by the Parthians, and this continued under the Sasanians. The historical country of Assyria (Athura), however, lay to the north of Babylonian Asorestan, in the independent frontier province of Osroene.〔''The Encyclopedia of Military History: From 3500 B.C. to the Present'', Part 25. Richard Ernest Dupuy, Trevor Nevitt Dupuy. Harper & Row, 1970. Page 115.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Asōristān」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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