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At-Tuwani ((アラビア語:ﺍﻟتﻮﺍﻧﻲ) or ) is a small Palestinian village in the south Hebron Hills of the Hebron Governorate. Many of the village’s residents live in caves. The village is located south-east of the village of Yatta. Approximately one kilometer away lies Tel Tuwani, near the illegal Israeli settlement of Ma’on. Frequent disputes occur between At-Tuwani’s residents and settlers over land, roads and water resources.〔(Palestinians say troops tracking missing goats searched their homes illegally ) Haaretz, 27 January 2010〕〔(Settlers suspected of well attack ), BBC News, 13 July 2004.〕 ==History== Byzantine pottery has been found at Khirbet at-Tuwani.〔Dauphin, 1998, p.969〕 The village of at-Tuwani is built on the ruins of Khirbet at-Tuwani. In an archeological survey conducted in 1968 several edifices and fences were noted; some pottery findings on site were traced to the Byzantine era and Middle Ages. Most of the archeological findings were since removed. In 2011, an Archeological excavation led by Israeli Authority has found the remain of a church dating back to the Byzantine time, but not evidences of the building being a synagogue. Today the village mainly consists of ancient houses from the Ottoman time, often build over the more ancient caves. In the 1883 the Palestine Exploration Fund's ''Survey of Western Palestine'', the place (named Khürbet Tûâny) was described as: Foundations and walls; a circular masonry well, and rock-cut tombs now blocked. A lintel stone 6 feet long was found with a winged tablet on it. Near the ruin was a round olive-press, 7 feet diameter, 10 inches deep, with a rim 5 inches thick. It was cut in a sort of sunken platform of the live rock, with a socket for a pole or pillar in the centre of the press.〔Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p. (410 )〕 In early 19th century, many residents of the two big villages in the area of South Mount Hebron, Yatta and Dura, started to immigrate to ruins and caves in the area and became 'satellite villages' (daughters) to the mother town. Reasons for the expansion were lack of land for agriculture and construction in the mother towns which resulted in high prices of land, rivalry between the mother-towns chamulas wishing to control more land and resources and being a security buffer which made it more difficult for gangs of robber to raid the mother villages. Caves are used by local as residences, storage space and sheepfold.〔 The affiliation between the satellite villages and mother town remained. While some of the satellites became permanent villages with communities of 100s, others remained temporary settlements which served the shepherds and fallāḥīn.for several months every year. In 1981-2 it was estimated 100-120 families dwelt in caves permanently in the South Mount Hebron region while 750-850 families lived there temporarily.〔Havakook p.65〕 At-Tuwani had a population of 127 at the Jordanian census of 1961. In a census conducted by Israel after it occupied the West Bank in the Six-day War, the village was reported to have 175 residents in 33 households. In 1994 a seven-member village council was established to administer the civil affairs of at-Tuwani and the nearby hamlets of Faqra and Tuba. At-Tuwani currently serves as the center of sorts for the two hamlets as well as for the 19 Bedouin localities of Masafer Yatta.〔(At Tuwani & Mosfaret Yatta Profile ). Applied Research Institute-Jerusalem (ARIJ). 2009.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「At-Tuwani」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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