|
Atabeg, Atabek, or Atabey is a hereditary title of nobility of Turkic origin,〔René Grousset. ''The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia'', Rutgers University Press, 1970, p. 158〕 indicating a governor of a nation or province who was subordinate to a monarch and charged with raising the crown prince. The first instance of the title's use was with early Seljuqs who bestowed it on the Persian vizier Nizam al-Mulk〔''Atabak, Encyclopedia Iranica. Accessed February 1, 2007. http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/atabak-turkish-atabeg-lit〕 It was later used in the Kingdom of Georgia, first within the Armeno-Georgian family of Zakarid-Mxargrzeli as a military title and then within the house of Jaqeli as princes of Samtskhe.〔(The Turco-Mongol Invasions, Reactions of the Armenian Lords, Mongol Control Techniques )〕 ==Title origins and meanings== The word ''atabeg'' is a compound of Turkic words:〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=atabeg. )〕 from Turkic ''ata'', "ancestor", and ''beg'' or ''bey'', "lord, leader, prince".〔("BEG" ) ''Encyclopædia Iranica''. Retrieved 14 January 2015〕 The title of Atabeg was common during the Seljuk rule of the Near East starting in the 12th century. It was also common in Mesopotamia (Iraq). When a Seljuk prince died, leaving minor heirs, a guardian would be appointed to protect and guide the young princes. These guardians would often marry their ward's widowed mothers, thus assuming a sort of surrogate fatherhood. Amongst the Turkmen tribes, as in Persia, the rank was senior to a Khan. The title atabeg was also in use for officers in Mamluk Egypt; some of them even were proclaimed Sultan before the incorporation into the Ottoman Empire. After the end of Seljuk rule, the title was used only intermittently. When describing the Atabegs of Azerbaijan, the Ildeniz (Ildegoz) dynasty, the title ''Atabeg-e-Azam'' (Great Atabeg) was used, to denote their superior standing, power and influence on the Seljuk Sultans. In Persian, the style ''Atabek-e-Azam'' ('Great Atabeg) was occasionally used as an alternative title for the Shah's Vazir-e-Azam (''Grand Vizier''), notably in 1834-35 for Mirza Abolghasem Farahani, Gha'em Magham, in 1848-51 for Mirza Mohammed Taghi Khan, Amir-e Kabir, in 1906-07 for Mirza Ali Asghar Khan, Amin-ol Soltan, and finally in 1916 for a Qajar prince, Major-General Shahzadeh Sultan 'Abdu'l Majid Mirza, Eyn-ol Douleh. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Atabeg」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|