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Atahualpa, also Atahuallpa, Atabalipa (in hispanicized spellings) or Atawallpa (Aymara and Quechua) (c.1500–26 July 1533) was the last Sapa Inca (sovereign emperor) of the Inca Empire (Tawantinsuyu) before the Spanish conquest. Atahualpa became emperor when he defeated and executed his older half-brother Huáscar in a civil war sparked by the death of their father, Inca Huayna Capac, from an infectious disease (possibly smallpox).〔Hemming, ''The Conquest'', p. 28.〕 During the Spanish conquest, the Spaniard Francisco Pizarro captured Atahualpa and used him to control the Inca Empire. Eventually, the Spanish executed Atahualpa, effectively ending the empire. Although a succession of several emperors who led the Inca resistance against the invading Spaniards claimed the title of Sapa Inca as rulers of the Neo-Inca State, the empire began to disintegrate after Atahualpa's death. ==Pre-conquest== Atahualpa was the son of the Inca Huayna Capac from Tomebamba (Ecuador), and his mother was the Quito princess Paccha Duchicela, from Caranqui (Ecuador). The union was a politically expedient one, as the southern Ecuadorian Andes had been conquered by Huayna Capac's father, Túpac Inca Yupanqui some years earlier and Huayna Capac had recently conquered the northern Ecuadorian Andes, where Paccha Duchicela's royal family had some influence. Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa states Atahualpa was the illegitimate son of Huayna Capac and his cousin, Tocto Coca. Atahualpa decided to stay behind in Quito after his father's death, which prompted Huascar to declare war.〔de Gamboa, P.S., 2015, History of the Incas, Lexington, ISBN 9781463688653〕 Most chroniclers suggest that Atahualpa was born in Quito, though other stories suggest various other birthplaces.〔(''El Guaman, el Puma y el Amaru: Formación Estructural Del Gobierno Indígena'' by Hugo Burgos Guevar )〕 His leading generals were Quizquiz, Chalkuchimac, and Rumiñawi. In April 1532, Quizquiz and his companions led the armies of Atahualpa to victory in the battles of Mullihambato, Chimborazo and Quipaipan. The Battle of Quipaipan was the final one between the warring brothers. Quizquiz and Chalkuchimac defeated Huáscar's army, captured him, killed his family, and seized the capital, Cuzco. Atahualpa had remained behind in the Andean city of Cajamarca.〔Prescott, W.H., 2011, The History of the Conquest of Peru, Digireads.com Publishing, ISBN 9781420941142〕 Here he encountered the Spanish, led by Pizarro.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Atahualpa」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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