| 翻訳と辞書 |
Ataman
Ataman (variants: ''Otaman'',〔(Otoman in the Encyclopedia of Ukraine ) 〕 ''Wataman'', ''Vataman''; Russian: атаман, (ウクライナ語:Отаман)) was a title of Cossack and haidamak leaders of various kinds. In the Russian Empire, the term was the official title of the supreme military commanders of the Cossack armies. The Ukrainian version of the same word is Hetman. ''Otaman'' in Ukrainian Cossack forces was a position of a lower rank.
==Etymology==
The etymology of the word ''ataman''/''hetman'' is disputed. There may be several independent Germanic and Turkic origins for seemingly cognate forms of the word, all referring to the same concept. The ''hetman'' form may derive from the German ''Hauptmann'' by the way of Polish, like several other titles. The ''ataman'' form is more probably of Turkic origin, literally meaning "father of horsemen".〔"The Cossacks: a super-ethnos in Russia's ribs", ''The Economist,'' December 21, 1996〕 During certain periods, broadly corresponding with involvement with the Polish-Lithuanian or Polish-Lithuanian-Ruthenian Commonwealth, the supreme leader of Ukrainian Cossacks was called Hetman. The ''ataman'' form is more commonly found in Russian periods, and exists in modern Russian, Turkish and Tatar. Also see Hetman: Etymology.
It is also possible that 'Atta', a God of the Scythic pantheon and later the source of the 'attaleg' in Norse Cosmology, that is, the eight-legged horse of Odin; is the primary etymology for 'Hetman/Attaman/Otoman' which in this case would basically mean 'The Supreme Knight/Chieftain'. 'Odin' is cognate with 'Odjin' on Slavonic languages which means 'No 1/lord'.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Ataman」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|