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Atarot ((ヘブライ語:עטרות)) was a moshav in Mandatory Palestine, north of Jerusalem along the highway to Ramallah. It was named after the Biblical Atarot mentioned in , which is believed to have been situated nearby. The village was captured and destroyed by the Jordanian Arab Legion during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. Atarot Airport and Jerusalem's largest industrial park are now located there. ==History== In 1912, the Palestine Land Development Corporation (PLDC) purchased land in the hills north of Jerusalem from the neighbouring Arab village of Kalandia. 〔(Atarot and the Fate of the Jerusalem Airport )〕 In 1914 the tract was settled by Zionist youth of the Second Aliyah who prepared the rocky soil for agriculture. Among the settlers was Levi Eshkol, a future Prime Minister of Israel.〔(Motza, Atarot, and Neveh Yaacov ) at the Jewish Virtual Library〕 After the outbreak of World War I, the project was abandoned until 1922, when a group of workers returned to the area to continue reclamation and planting work.〔 This group leased some of the land to local Arabs and acquired more tracts for settlement. The plan was to ready the land for sale to individuals and groups. When the venture proved unsuccessful, the Jewish National Fund bought 375 dunams of the best land. It was on this land that Atarot was established. The village was named for the biblical town of Ataroth believed to be located nearby.〔 In 1925, Atarot was joined by Neve Yaakov, creating a bloc of Jewish settlement in the area.〔 In 1931 the British Mandatory government expropriated 200 of the 375 dunams to construct a small airfield, in the process demolishing homes and uprooting fruit orchards, and harming the village's growth. The PLDC sold more of the land such that the moshav members were left with only 14 dunam per plot, while 30 dunam was considered to be the minimum necessary for sufficient income. Water shortages also plagued the village, as the locally constructed reservoir could not satisfy the needs, and so it was necessary to purchase water from neighbouring Arab villages as well as from the expensive British-built Jerusalem municipal pipes.〔 Atarot farmers supplied fruit, produce and dairy products to Jerusalem.〔(Atarot and the Fate of the Jerusalem Airport )〕 Some of the moshav's fields were located at a distance, which created a security problem during the 1929 Palestine riots and 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine when it residents were shot at, robbed, and besieged.〔 In the 1940s, the village had a population of 150.〔 Following the Israeli Declaration of Independence and attack of five Arab armies, the village withstood repeated attacks and acted as a bulwark during the Jordanian Arab Legion's 1948 Siege of Jerusalem. The Haganah command for the Jerusalem area finally decided to evacuate the remaining defenders; they left on 17 May, 1948. The Jordanian forces looted and burned the village, turning the land into an extension of Kalandia Airport.〔(The Battle For Jerusalem in the War of Independence ) at the Jewish Virtual Library〕〔בן-ציון מיכאלי, ישובים שניטשו בשלושה משטרים מדיניים: בשילהי המשטר הטורקי, בשנות המנדט הבריטי, במדינת ישראל, הוצאת מלוא, תש"ם. (''Settlements evacuated during three governments: Ottoman, British Mandatory, and Israeli rule'', Ben-Zion Michaeli. Melo Publishers, 2000.)〕〔משה חננאל, הירושלמים, הוצאת ארץ הצבי, תשס"ז (''The Jerusalemites'', Moshe Hananel. Eretz HaTzvi Publishers, 2004.)〕 The refugees maintained their desire to remain organised as an agricultural cooperative, and in August of that year they were resettled in the former Templer village of Wilhelma, which they named Bnei Atarot in remembrance of their original home.〔〔 Israeli author Esther Streit-Wertzel was commissioned in 2005 by the original families to write a chronicle of the village; she ultimately produced a novel on the topic.〔(עטרות ) - Esther Streit-Wertzel〕 Following the 1967 Six-Day War, the airport and site of the former village were captured by Israel along with the rest of the West Bank. The area was annexed into the expanded Jerusalem Municipality, and an industrial park was developed alongside the airport, renamed for the former village.〔〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Atarot」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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