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Asherah (; Ugaritic: 𐎀𐎘𐎗𐎚 : 'ṯrt; (ヘブライ語:אֲשֵׁרָה)), in Semitic mythology, is a mother goddess who appears in a number of ancient sources. She appears in Akkadian writings by the name of Ashratum/Ashratu, and in Hittite as Asherdu(s) or Ashertu(s) or Aserdu(s) or Asertu(s). Asherah is generally considered identical with the Ugaritic goddess (unicode:ʼAṯirat). She is also mentioned in the Hebrew Bible by names such as Ashtaroth and Ashtoreth. Asherah is identified as the consort of the Sumerian god Anu and Ugaritic El,〔"Asherah" in ''The New Encyclopaedia Britannica''. Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica Inc., 15th edn., 1992, Vol. 1, pp. 623-4.〕 the oldest deities of their respective pantheons.〔(''Oxford Companion to World Mythology'', p.32 )〕 This role gave her a similarly high rank in the Ugaritic pantheon. The name ''Dione'', which like '' ==In Ugarit== In the Ugaritic texts (before 1200 BCE) Athirat is almost always given her full title ''rbt (unicode:ʼaṯrt) ym'', ''rabat (unicode:ʼAṯirat) yammi'', 'Lady Athirat of the Sea' or as more fully translated 'she who treads on the sea' (Ugaritic: 𐎗𐎁𐎚 𐎀𐎘𐎗𐎚 𐎊𐎎 ). This occurs 12 times in the Baʿal Epic alone. The name is understood by various translators and commentators to be from the Ugaritic root ''(unicode:ʼaṯr)'' 'stride', cognate with the Hebrew root ''(unicode:ʼšr)'', of the same meaning. Her other main divine epithet was "''qaniyatu ʾilhm''" (Ugaritic: 𐎖𐎐𐎊𐎚 𐎛𐎍𐎎 : ''qnyt ʾlm'') which may be translated as "the creatrix of the Gods (Elohim)".〔 In those texts, Athirat is the consort of the god El; there is one reference to the 70 sons of Athirat, presumably the same as the 70 sons of El. She is clearly distinguished from (better known in English as Astarte or Ashtoreth in the Bible) in the Ugaritic documents although in non-Ugaritic sources from later periods the distinction between the two goddesses can be blurred; either as a result of scribal error or through possible syncretism. In any case, the two names begin with different consonants in the Semitic languages; Athirat/Asherah (Ugaritic: 𐎀𐎘𐎗𐎚 : ''aṯrt'') with an ''aleph'' or glottal stop consonant א and `Ashtart/`Ashtoreth (Ugaritic: 𐎓𐎘𐎚𐎗𐎚 : ''ʿṯtrt'') with an ''`ayin'' or voiced pharyngeal consonant ע), indicating the lack of any plausible etymological connection between the names. She is also called Elat (Ugaritic: 𐎛𐎍𐎚 : ''ilt'') ("Goddess", the feminine form of El; compare Allat) and Qodesh, 'holiness' (Ugaritic: 𐎖𐎄𐎌 : ''qdš''). Athirat in Akkadian texts appears as Ashratum (Antu), the wife of Anu, the God of Heaven. In contrast, Ashtart is believed to be linked to the Mesopotamian goddess Ishtar who is sometimes portrayed as the daughter of Anu while in Ugaritic myth, Ashtart is one of the daughters of El, the West Semitic counterpart of Anu. Among the Hittites this goddess appears as Asherdu(s) or Asertu(s), the consort of Elkunirsa ("El the Creator of Earth") and mother of either 77 or 88 sons. Among the Amarna letters a King of the Amorites is named Abdi-Ashirta, "Servant of Asherah".〔Noted by Raphael Patai, "The Goddess Asherah", ''Journal of Near Eastern Studies'' 24.1/2 (1965:37–52) p. 39.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Asherah」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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