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The Atlantic cod (''Gadus morhua'') is a well-known benthopelagic fish of the family Gadidae, widely consumed by humans. It is also commercially known as cod or codling.〔(''Atlantic Cod'' ). Seafood Portal.〕 Dry cod may be prepared as unsalted stockfish〔''Oxford English Dictionary'', 1st ed. "stock-fish | 'stockfish, ''n.''" Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1917.〕〔''Oxford English Dictionary'', 3rd ed. "milwell, ''n.''" Oxford University Press (Oxford), 2002.〕 or as cured salt cod or clipfish. In the western Atlantic Ocean, cod has a distribution north of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, and around both coasts of Greenland and the Labrador Sea; in the eastern Atlantic, it is found from the Bay of Biscay north to the Arctic Ocean, including the Baltic Sea, the North Sea, Sea of the Hebrides,〔C.Michael Hogan, (2011) (''Sea of the Hebrides'' ). Eds. P. Saundry & C.J.Cleveland. Encyclopedia of Earth. National Council for Science and the Environment. Washington DC.〕 areas around Iceland and the Barents Sea. It can grow to 2 meters in length and weigh up to . It can live for 25 years and usually attains sexual maturity between ages two and four,〔O’Brien, L., J. Burnett, and R. K. Mayo. (1993) Maturation of Nineteen Species of Finfish off the Northeast Coast of the United States, 1985-1990. NOAA Tech. Report. NMFS 113, 66 p.〕 but cod in the northeast Arctic can take as long as eight years to fully mature.〔ICES (2007), Arctic Fisheries Working Group Report, Section 03, Table 3.5, (International Council for the Exploration of the Sea ) (accessed 2008/12/11)〕 Colouring is brown to green, with spots on the dorsal side, shading to silver ventrally. A stripe along its lateral line is clearly visible. Its habitat ranges from the shoreline down to the continental shelf. Several cod stocks collapsed in the 1990s (declined by >95% of maximum historical biomass) and have failed to recover even with the cessation of fishing.〔 This absence of the apex predator has led to a trophic cascade in many areas.〔 Many other cod stocks remain at risk. The Atlantic cod is labelled VU (vulnerable) on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. ==Lifecycle== Adult cod form spawning aggregations from late winter to spring. Females release their eggs in batches, and males compete to fertilize them. Fertilized eggs drift with ocean currents and develop into larvae. Age of maturation varies between cod stocks, from ages two to four in the west Atlantic,〔O'Brien, L., J. Burnett, and R. K. Mayo. (1993) Maturation of Nineteen Species of Finfish off the Northeast Coast of the United States, 1985-1990. NOAA Tech. Report. NMFS 113, 66 p.〕 but as late as eight years in the northeast Arctic.〔 Cod can live for 13 years or more.〔ICES (2007), Arctic Fisheries Working Group Report, Section 03, (International Council for the Exploration of the Sea ) (accessed 2008/12/11)〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Atlantic cod」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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