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Atoxoplasma
''Atoxoplasma'' is a genus of parasitic protozoa in the phylum Apicomplexa. The species in this genus infect birds. They are spread by the orofaecal route.
==History==
This genus was created by Garnham in 1950. The history of this genus has been plagued with confusion. Before 1909 the species in this genus were confused with those of the genus ''Haemoproteus''. Between 1909 and 1937 they were considered to be species of the genus ''Toxoplasma''. It was because of this historical confusion with ''Toxoplasma'' that Garnham chose the name ''Atoxoplasma'' for this genus.
Garnham defined this genus to be those parasites that infect the monocytes of birds, are strictly host specific, have a granular cytoplasm and a large nucleus. His choice of type species ''Atoxoplasma avium'' was later shown to be a junior synonym of ''Atoxplasma paddae''. Lainson in 1958 published a study suggesting that these species were transmitted by ticks and that this genus was a synonym of ''Lankesterella'' - a genus of species that infects frogs.〔Lainson R (1958) Some observations on the life-cycle of ''Atoxoplasma'', with particular reference to the parasite's schizogony and its transmission by the mite ''Dermanyssus gallinae''. Nature 182(4644):1250-1251〕
The genus later became regarded as a junior synonym of the genus ''Isospora'' for those species that infect birds.〔Barta JR, Schrenzel MD, Carreno R, Rideout BA (2005) The genus ''Atoxoplasma'' (Garnham 1950) as a junior objective synonym of the genus ''Isospora'' (Schneider 1881) species infecting birds and resurrection of ''Cystoisospora'' (Frenkel 1977) as the correct genus for ''Isospora'' species infecting mammals. J Parasitol 91(3):726-727〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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