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Atychiphobia is the abnormal, unwarranted, and persistent fear of failure, a type of specific phobia.〔Bauers, Deborah. "An Overview of Atychiphobia." Helium. (Nov. 23, 2010). Retrieved 2011-11-17.〕 As with many phobias, atychiphobia often leads to a constricted lifestyle,〔PHOBIA. (online ). n.d.; Available from: Funk & Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia, Ipswich, MA. Accessed November 18, 2011.〕 and is particularly devastating for its effects on a person’s willingness to attempt certain activities. The term ''atychiphobia'' comes from the Greek ''phóbos'', meaning "fear" or "morbid fear" and ''atyches'' meaning "unfortunate".〔Colman, Andrew M. A Dictionary of Psychology. (3rd edn, 2009). WP:ISBN 978-0-19-953406-7〕 Persons afflicted with atychiphobia considers the possibility of failure so intense that they choose not to take the risk. Often these persons will subconsciously undermine their own efforts so that they no longer have to continue to try.〔Williams, Glen. "Atychiphobia – Fear of Failure." E Home Fellowship Help With Life. Retrieved 2011-11-18.〕 Because effort is proportionate to the achievement of personal goals and fulfillment, this unwillingness to try, that arises from the perceived inequality between the possibilities of success and failure, holds the atychiphobic back from a life of meaning and the realization of potential.〔All About Counseling. (), (1998) Available: http://www.allaboutcounseling.com (June 30, 2010)〕 By definition, the anxiety of any particular phobia is understood to be disproportionate to reality, and the victim is typically aware that the fear is irrational, making the problem a largely subconscious one. For this reason there are no simple treatments for atychiphobia,〔 however there are several options available. ==Origins and causes== It is generally believed that phobias arise from a combination of heredity, genetics, brain chemistry, and life-experience.〔 Demeaning parents or family members, traumatic and embarrassing events that arise from minor failure early in life, or when an individual experiences a significant failure and is ill-equipped to effectively cope with the resulting feelings, are all thought to produce the fear of failure in the long term.〔 When a developing brain is raised in a home where approval or the feeling of being loved is linked to performance it becomes difficult to separate the two. Such a person comes to believe that such feelings must be earned, and that they can be withdrawn if failure occurs. In addition, some individuals who struggle with phobias have a genetic predisposition toward anxiety, compounding the problem of atychiphobia and making it more difficult to handle. As a result of these factors, those with an irrational fear of failure often settle for mediocrity to avoid the risks inherent in distinguishing themselves.〔 Those with atychiphobia create a direct link between the possibility of failure and competition;〔Fear of failure, fear of evaluation, perceived competence, and self-esteem in competitive-trait-anxious children. Passer, Michael W. Journal of Sport Psychology, Vol 5(2), 1983, 172-188.〕 and in an inherently competitive society, they find that it is best to avoid the problem altogether. The person more strongly motivated to avoid failure, rather than to achieve success, tends to be more unrealistic in aspiration.〔Mahone, Charles H. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, Vol 60(2), Mar 1960, 253-261. 〕 Because the modern society places so much emphasis on perfection in every aspect of life, a person with atychiphobia will often not risk trying until perfection is assured.〔 They draw their value as an individual from their success relative to societal standards. This dynamic is most readily observed in the classroom setting, where students are forced to compete for a limited number of rewards, most often the scarcity of good grades. A restricted supply of rewards pushes student aspirations for grades and other forms of recognition beyond the capabilities of many children, with the result that they are unable to keep pace with these inappropriate goals. Such circumstances tend to force a fateful decision for countless youngsters. The child may reason, unwittingly and without recognition of the consequences, that if they cannot be sure of succeeding, then at least they can try to protect a sense of dignity by avoiding failure.〔Segal , Judith W., Susan F. Chipman, and Robert Glaser. Thinking and Learning Skills: Relating instruction to research . 1. Hillsdale: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates, 1985. Print.p.391.〕 In essence the atychiphobe seeks to avoid at whatever cost the same experience he or she may have endured that triggered such a potent and irrational fear of failure. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Atychiphobia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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