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Autun ((:otœ̃)) is a commune in the Saône-et-Loire department in Burgundy in eastern France. It was founded during the early Roman Empire by Emperor Augustus as Augustodunum to give a Roman capital to the Gallic people Aedui, who had Bibracte as their political centre. In Roman times the city could be home to 30,000 to 100,000 people according to different estimates.〔()〕 ==Early history== Augustodunum was founded during the reign of the first Roman emperor, Augustus, after whom it was named. It was the tribal capital (''ラテン語:civitas'') of the Celtic Aedui, who had been allies and "brothers" (''ラテン語:fratres'') of Rome since before Julius Caesar's conquest of Gaul. Augustodunum was a planned foundation replacing the original oppidum Bibracte, located some away. Several elements of Roman architecture such as walls, gates, and a Roman theater are still visible in the town. In 356, Autun came under siege by a force of Alamanni. The disrepair of the walls left the city in danger of falling. Autun was saved by the arrival of the Emperor Julian in one of his early military successes. In late antiquity, Autun became famous for its schools of rhetoric. A world map based on the work of Ptolemy was famous for its size and was displayed in the portico of one of the schools. It may have survived until early modern times.〔John Brian Harley, David Woodward, ''The History of Cartography Vol I'' p290〕 The area lies in the area of Burgundy. In 725, the Umayyad general Anbasa ibn Suhaym Al-Kalbi (عنبسة بن سحيم الكلبي) marched up the Saône valley to Autun. On 22 August 725 he captured the town after defeating forces led by the local bishop, Emilian d’Autun, who was slain during the course of the battle. Autun marks the easternmost extent of the Umayyad campaign in Europe.〔Septimania〕 However, the position was never retained, and Anbasa died soon after. The Umayyads are known to have raided the lower Rhone during the next decade, but Uzès was their northernmost stronghold and possibly Marseille the easternmost coastal stronghold. In 880 the Count of Autun, Richard of Autun, became the first Duke of Burgundy. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Autun」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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