|
The Australoid race is a broad racial classification. The concept originated with a typological method of racial classification.〔O'Neil, Dennis. "Biological Anthropology Terms." 2006. May 13, 2007. Palomar College.()〕〔http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/first/gill.html Does Race Exist? A proponent's perspective by George W. Gill.〕〔Moore, Ruth ''Evolution'' (Life Nature Library) New York:1962 Time, Inc. Chapter 8: "The Emergence of Modern ''Homo sapiens''" Page 173 – First page of picture section "Man and His Genes": The ''Australoid'' race is identified as one of the five major races of mankind, along with the ''Mongoloid'', ''Negroid'', ''Caucasoid'', and ''Capoid'' races (pictures of a person typical of each race are shown)〕 They were described as having dark skin with wavy hair, in the case of the Veddoid race of South Asia (including the eponymous Vedda people indigenous to Sri Lanka) and Aboriginal Australians, or hair ranging from straight to kinky in the case of the Melanesian group. According to this model of classification, Australoid peoples ranged throughout Indonesia, Philippines, Malaysia, Australia, New Guinea, Melanesia, the Andaman Islands and the Indian peninsula, as well as parts of the Middle East. In the Out of Africa theory, the ancestors of the Australoids, the Proto-Australoids, are thought to have been the first branch off from the Proto-Capoids to migrate from Africa about 60,000 BCE. This migration is hypothesized to have taken place along the now submerged continental shelf of the northern shore of the Indian Ocean, reaching Australia about 50,000 BCE. However, the suggested Proto-Australoid–Proto-Capoid link has been contested. ==History== In the late nineteenth century, anthropometric studies led to a proposition of racial groups, one of which was termed "''Australioid''" by Thomas Huxley in an essay 'On the Geographical Distribution of the Chief Modifications of Mankind' (1870), in which he divided humanity into four principal groups (Xanthochroic, Mongoloid, Negroid, and Australioid).〔(Huxley, Thomas On the Geographical Distribution of the Chief Modifications of Mankind. 1870. August 14, 2006 )〕 Huxley also concluded that the Melanochroi (Peoples of the Mediterranean race) are of a mixture of the Xanthochroi (northern Europeans) and Australioids.〔Huxley, Thomas. On the Geographical Distribution of the Chief Modifications of Mankind. 1870. August 14, 2006. According to Peter Bellwood, "many of the present Southern Mongoloid populations of Indonesia and Malaysia also have a high degree of Australo-Melanesian genetic heritage." One proponent, R. Ruggles Gates, argued in 1960 that "''If the Ainu are partly of Australoid origin it is also clear that they are even more nearly derived from archaic Caucasian ancestry''".〔Ruggles Gates, R. "The Australian Aboriginals in a New Setting", ''Man'', April 1960, pp. 53-6, ()〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Australoid race」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|