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The Automated Transfer Vehicle, originally Ariane Transfer Vehicle or ATV, was an expendable cargo spacecraft developed by the European Space Agency (ESA). ATVs supplied the International Space Station (ISS) with propellant, water, air, payloads, and experiments. ATVs also reboosted the station into a higher orbit. Five ATVs, ''Jules Verne'', ''Johannes Kepler'', ''Edoardo Amaldi'', ''Albert Einstein'', and ''Georges Lemaître'' were launched, with the first in March 2008. On 2 April 2012 the ESA announced that the ATV program would end after the fifth ATV was launched in 2014. Further developments of the ATV have been studied by the European Space Agency and Airbus Defence and Space.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 ATV evolution: Advanced Reentry Vehicle (ARV) )〕 ESA member states decided in 2012 that the ATV would be adapted to serve as the service module of the NASA Orion spacecraft. In January 2013, the ESA and NASA announced the combined Orion and ATV derived service module.〔(NASA Signs Agreement for a European-Provided Orion Service Module )〕 == Design == The ATV was designed to complement the Progress spacecraft, having three times its capacity. Like the Progress, it carried both bulk liquids and relatively fragile freight which is stored in a cargo hold kept in a pressurized shirt-sleeve environment so that astronauts could access it without putting on a spacesuit. The ATV pressurized cargo section was based on the Italian-built Multi-Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM), which was a Shuttle-carried "space barge" transporting equipment to and from the Station. Unlike the MPLM, the ATV used the Progress docking mechanism. The ATV docking system consists of two videometers and two telegoniometers built by Sodern, a subsidiary of Airbus. Data processing for the rendezvous docking maneuver and emergency abort systems have been designed and manufactured by CRISA. Additional monitoring data and redundancy is provided by the Kurs〔(Power system and avionics ), ESA, 3 March 2008, "The ATV Service Module also accommodates several rechargeable and non-rechargeable batteries and some redundant items like a Sun sensor and a Russian-made KURS antenna."〕〔Bryan Burrough, Dragonfly, ISBN 0-06-093269-4, page 66, "made by a government-owned company called Radiopribor, located in Kiev"〕 automatic docking system, also used by Soyuz and Progress spacecraft. Visual imagery is provided by a camera on the Zvezda ISS module. The ATV, like the Progress, will also serve as a container for the station's waste. Each ATV weighs 20.7 tonnes at launch and has a cargo capacity of 8 tonnes:〔 * to of dry cargo (re-supply goods, scientific payload, etc.), * Up to of water, * Up to of gas (nitrogen, oxygen, air), with up to two gases per flight, * Up to of propellant for the ''re-boost'' maneuver and refueling the station. The ATV propellant used for ''re-boost'' (monomethylhydrazine fuel and N2O4 oxidizer) is of a different type from the ''payload'' refueling propellant (UDMH fuel and N2O4 oxidizer). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Automated Transfer Vehicle」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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