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Metformin, marketed under the tradename Glucophage among others, is an antidiabetic medication which is taken by mouth. It is the first-line drug of choice for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, in particular, in overweight and obese people and those with normal kidney function.〔Clinical Guidelines Task Force, International Diabetes Federation (2005). . In: ''(Global Guideline for Type 2 Diabetes )''. Brussels: International Diabetes Federation, 35–8. Retrieved November 6, 2007.〕 Its use in gestational diabetes has been limited by safety concerns. It is also used in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome, and has been investigated for other diseases where insulin resistance may be an important factor such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Metformin works by suppressing glucose production by the liver.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher = OnlineClinic )〕 Limited evidence suggests metformin may prevent the cardiovascular and possibly the cancer complications of diabetes. It helps reduce LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels and is not associated with weight gain; in some people, it promotes weight loss.〔〔 Metformin is one of only two oral antidiabetics in the World Health Organization Model List of Essential Medicines (the other being glibenclamide).〔(March 2010) , 16th edition, World Health Organization, p. 24. Retrieved December 22, 2010.〕 Metformin causes few adverse effects when prescribed appropriately (the most common is gastrointestinal upset) and has been associated with a low risk of having a low blood sugar. Lactic acidosis (a buildup of lactate in the blood) can be a serious concern in overdose and when it is prescribed to people with contraindications, but otherwise, no significant risk exists. It is in the biguanide class. First made and found to reduce blood sugar in the 1920s, metformin was forgotten for the next two decades as research shifted to insulin and other antidiabetic drugs. Interest in metformin was rekindled in the late 1940s after several reports that it could reduce blood sugar levels in people, and in 1957, French physician Jean Sterne published the first clinical trial of metformin as a treatment for diabetes. It was introduced to the United Kingdom in 1958, Canada in 1972, and the United States in 1995. Metformin is now believed to be the most widely prescribed antidiabetic drug in the world; in the United States alone, more than 48 million prescriptions were filled in 2010 for its generic formulations.〔〔. IMS Institute for Healthcare Informatics (April 2011). Retrieved April 28, 2011.〕 ==Medical uses== Metformin is primarily used for type 2 diabetes, but is increasingly being used in polycystic ovary syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and premature puberty, three other diseases that feature insulin resistance; these indications are considered experimental. The benefit of metformin in NAFLD has not been extensively studied and may be only temporary; although some randomized controlled trials have found significant improvement with its use, the evidence is still insufficient. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Metformin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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