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Aventicum
Aventicum was the largest town and capital of Roman Switzerland (Helvetia or Civitas Helvetiorum). Its remains are beside the modern town of Avenches.
The city was probably created ''ex nihilo'' in the early 1st century AD, as the capital of the recently conquered territory of the Helvetii, across the road that connected Italy to Britain, built under Claudius. Under the rule of Emperor Vespasian, who grew up there, Aventicum was raised to the status of a ''colonia'' in 72 AD, whereupon it entered its golden age. The town wall was long but was impracticable for defensive purposes and was doubtless intended as a display of the status of the city.
In the Christian era Aventicum was the seat of a bishopric. The most famous of its bishops was Marius Aventicensis, whose terse chronicle, spanning the years 455 to 581, is one of the few sources for the 6th-century Burgundians. Shortly after the Council of Macon, 585, Marius removed the see from Aventicum, which was rapidly declining, to Lausanne.
==Prehistoric Aventicum==
The area around Aventicum was occupied before the Romans founded the city. There are numerous lake-dwellings - station lacustre- discovered in the adjoining Lake Murten, with at least 16 stilt house settlements found. In the largest site, the piles extend over an area of thus forming a large station or village. A great number of objects have been found buried in the mud amongst the piles, consisting of implements of stone and bone, such as hatchets, chisels, needles, awls, besides a vast quantity of the bones of animals. The pottery is a coarse, dark red kind of earthenware containing numerous grains of quartz, and there are 12 or 15 varieties.〔Miles (Mar-Aug 1888) 415〕
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