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) | fullname = | birth_date = | birth_place = Córdoba, Al-Andalus, Almoravid emirate (in present-day Spain)〔Liz Sonneborn: ''Averroes (Ibn Rushd):He is an Arab, Muslim scholar, philosopher, and physician of the twelfth century'', The Rosen Publishing Group, 2005 (ISBN 1404205144, ISBN 978-1-4042-0514-7) p.31 []〕 | death_date = | death_place = Marrakesh, Maghreb, Almohad Caliphate (in present-day Morocco) | era = Medieval philosophy (Islamic Golden Age) | region = Islamic philosophy | religion = Islam | school_tradition = Averroism | main_interests = Islamic theology, Philosophy, Mathematics, Medicine, Physics, Astronomy | influences = Aristotle, Alexander of Aphrodisias, Philoponus, Al-Farabi, Ibn Bājja, Ibn Zuhr | influenced = Siger de Brabant, Boetius of Dacia, Thomas Aquinas, Maimonides, Spinoza | notable_ideas = Reconciliation of Aristotelianism with Islam }} Averroes (; April 14, 1126 – December 10, 1198) is the Latinized form of Ibn Rushd (), full name (), a medieval Andalusian polymath. He wrote on logic, Aristotelian and Islamic philosophy, theology, the Maliki school of Islamic jurisprudence, psychology, political and Andalusian classical music theory, geography, mathematics, and the mediæval sciences of medicine, astronomy, physics, and celestial mechanics. Averroes was born in Córdoba, Al Andalus (present-day Spain), and died at Marrakesh in present-day Morocco. His body was interred in his family tomb at Córdoba. The 13th-century philosophical movement based on Averroes's work is called Averroism. Averroes was a defender of Aristotelian philosophy against Ash'ari theologians led by Al-Ghazali. Although highly regarded as a legal scholar of the Maliki school of Islamic law, Averroes's philosophical ideas were considered controversial in Ash'arite Muslim circles. Whereas al-Ghazali believed that any individual act of a natural phenomenon occurred only because God willed it to happen, Averroes insisted phenomena followed natural laws that God created. 〔For al-Ghazali's argument see ''The Incoherence of the Philosophers''. Translated by Michael E. Marmura. 2nd ed, Provo Utah, 2000, pp.116-7.〕〔For Ibn Rushd's response, see Khalid, Muhammad A. ed. ''Medieval Islamic Philosophical Writings'', Cambridge UK, 2005, p.162)〕 Averroes had a greater impact on Christian Europe: he has been described as the "founding father of secular thought in Western Europe"〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.brown.edu/Facilities/John_Carter_Brown_Library/islam/pages/exchange.html )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://dspace.ucalgary.ca/bitstream/1880/47472/1/2008_HMD_Ahmed.pdf )〕 and was known by the sobriquet the Commentator for his detailed emendations to Aristotle. Latin translations of Averroes's work led the way to the popularization of Aristotle. ==Name== Averroes's name is the Medieval Latin form of the Hebrew translation ''Aben Rois'' or ''Rosh'' of the Arabic Ibn Rushd. It is also seen as Averroës, Averrhoës, or Averroès to mark that the o and e are separate vowels and not an œ or diphthong.〔Robert Irwin (2006). ''Dangerous Knowledge: Orientalism and its Discontents''. The Overlook Press. ISBN 978-1-58567-835-8.〕 Other forms of the name include ''Ibin-Ros-din'', ''Filius Rosadis'', ''Ibn-Rusid'', ''Ben-Raxid'', ''Ibn-Ruschod'', ''Den-Resched'', ''Aben-Rassad'', ''Aben-Rasd'', ''Aben-Rust'', ''Avenrosdy Avenryz'', ''Adveroys'', ''Benroist'', ''Avenroyth'', and ''Averroysta''.〔Ernest Renan, (''Averroès et l'Averroïsme: essai historique'' ), 1882.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Averroes」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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