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Averruncus
In ancient Roman religion, Averruncus or Auruncus is a god of averting harm. Aulus Gellius says that he is one of the potentially malignant deities who must be propitiated for their power to both inflict and withhold disaster from people and the harvests.〔Aulus Gellius, ''Attic Nights'' 5.12.14: ''In istis autem diis, quos placari oportet, uti mala a nobis vel a frugibus natis amoliantur, Auruncus quoque habetur''.〕
Although the etymology of the name is often connected to the Latin verb ''avertere'', "to turn away,"〔As in the note to Aulus Gellius in the Loeb Classical Library (edition. )〕 a more probable origin lies in ''averro'' "to sweep away," hence ''averrunco'', "to ward off," perhaps with a reference to magical sweeping. Varro〔Varro, ''De lingua latina'' 7.102.〕 asserts that the infinitive verb ''averruncare'' shares its etymology with the god whose primary function is averting. Averruncus may be among the ''indigitamenta'' pertaining to another god such as Apollo or Mars,〔Robert Turcan, ''The Gods of Ancient Rome'' (Routledge, 2001, originally published 1998), p. 41 (online. )〕 that is, it may be a name to be used in a prayer formulary to fix the local action of the invoked deity.〔William Warde Fowler, ''The Roman Festivals of the Period of the Republic'' (London, 1908), p. 89.〕 Precise naming, in connection with concealing a deity's true name to monopolize his or her power, was a crucial part of prayer in antiquity, as evidenced not only in the traditional religions of Greece and Rome and syncretistic Hellenistic religion and mystery cult, but also in Judaism and ancient Egyptian religion.〔Matthias Klinghardt, “Prayer Formularies for Public Recitation: Their Use and Function in Ancient Religion,” Numen 46 (1999) 1–5; A.A. Barb, "Antaura. The Mermaid and the Devil's Grandmother: A Lecture," ''Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes'' 29 (1966), p. 4; Karen Hartnup, ''On the Beliefs of the Greeks: Leo Allatios and Popular Orthodoxy'' (Brill, 2004), pp. 97–101 (online ) (in connection with compelling demons).〕
In other references, Averruncus is also known as the god of childbirth.
==References==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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