|
| birth_date = CE | birth_place = Afshona, Peshkunskiy, Bukhara, Samanid Empire | death_date = June | death_place = | era = Islamic Golden Age | region = * Samanid Empire〔In Bukhara (19 years) then Gurgānj, Khwārazm (13 years).〕 * Ziyarid Tabaristan〔In Gorgān, 1012–14.〕 * Buyid Persia〔In Ray (1 year), Hamadān (9 years) and Isfahān (13 years). (【引用サイトリンク】title=D. Gutas, 1987, ''AVICENNA ii. Biography'', Encyclopædia Iranica )〕 | main_interests = * * Philosophy and logic * ''Kalām'' (Islamic theology) * | major_works = * ''The Book of Healing'' * ''The Canon of Medicine'' | influences = | influenced = }} Avicenna (; Latinate form of Ibn-Sīnā ((ペルシア語:پور سینا / ابن سینا); (アラビア語:ابن سینا)), full name Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Al-Hasan ibn Ali ibn Sīnā (Arabic: ; – June 1037) was a Persian〔 * "He was born in 370/980 in Afshana, his mother's home, near Bukhara. His native language was Persian" (from "Ibn Sina ("Avicenna")", ''Encyclopedia of Islam'', Brill, second edition (2009). Accessed via Brill Online at www.encislam.brill.nl). * "Avicenna was the greatest of all Persian thinkers; as physician and metaphysician ..." ((excerpt ) from A.J. Arberry, ''Avicenna on Theology'', KAZI PUBN INC, 1995). * "Whereas the name of Avicenna (Ibn Sina, died 1037) is generally listed as chronologically first among noteworthy Iranian philosophers, recent evidence has revealed previous existence of Ismaili philosophical systems with a structure no less complete than of Avicenna" (from (p. 74 ) of Henry Corbin, ''The Voyage and the messenger: Iran and philosophy'', North Atlantic Books, 1998.〕 polymath who is regarded as one of the most significant thinkers and writers of the Islamic Golden Age.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Avicenna (Persian philosopher and scientist) - Britannica Online Encyclopedia )〕 Of the 450 works he is known to have written, around 240 have survived, including 150 on philosophy and 40 on medicine. His most famous works are ''The Book of Healing'' – a philosophical and scientific encyclopedia, and ''The Canon of Medicine'' – a medical encyclopedia.〔Edwin Clarke, Charles Donald O'Malley (1996), (''The human brain and spinal cord: a historical study illustrated by writings from antiquity to the twentieth century'' ), Norman Publishing, p. 20 (ISBN 0-930405-25-0).〕〔Iris Bruijn (2009), (''Ship's Surgeons of the Dutch East India Company: Commerce and the progress of medicine in the eighteenth century'' ), Amsterdam University Press, p. 26 (ISBN 90-8728-051-3).〕 which became a standard medical text at many medieval universities and remained in use as late as 1650.〔e.g. at the universities of Montpellier and Leuven (see ).〕 In 1973, Avicenna's Canon Of Medicine was reprinted in New York.〔https://ia700505.us.archive.org/8/items/AvicennasCanonOfMedicine/9670940-Canon-of-Medicine.pdf, Avicenna's Canon Of Medicine,by Cibeles Jolivette Gonzalez〕 Besides philosophy and medicine, Avicenna's corpus includes writings on astronomy, alchemy, geography and geology, psychology, Islamic theology, logic, mathematics, physics and poetry.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Avicenna", in Encyclopædia Iranica, Online Version 2006 )〕 ==Circumstances== Ibn Sina created an extensive corpus of works during what is commonly known as the Islamic Golden Age, in which the translations of Greco-Roman, Persian, and Indian texts were studied extensively. Greco-Roman (Mid- and Neo-Platonic, and Aristotelian) texts translated by the Kindi school were commented, redacted and developed substantially by Islamic intellectuals, who also built upon Persian and Indian mathematical systems, astronomy, algebra, trigonometry and medicine. The Samanid dynasty in the eastern part of Persia, Greater Khorasan and Central Asia as well as the Buyid dynasty in the western part of Persia and Iraq provided a thriving atmosphere for scholarly and cultural development. Under the Samanids, Bukhara rivaled Baghdad as a cultural capital of the Islamic world. The study of the Quran and the Hadith thrived in such a scholarly atmosphere. Philosophy, Fiqh and theology (kalaam) were further developed, most noticeably by Avicenna and his opponents. Al-Razi and Al-Farabi had provided methodology and knowledge in medicine and philosophy. Avicenna had access to the great libraries of Balkh, Khwarezm, Gorgan, Rey, Isfahan and Hamadan. Various texts (such as the 'Ahd with Bahmanyar) show that he debated philosophical points with the greatest scholars of the time. Aruzi Samarqandi describes how before Avicenna left Khwarezm he had met Al-Biruni (a famous scientist and astronomer), Abu Nasr Iraqi (a renowned mathematician), Abu Sahl Masihi (a respected philosopher) and Abu al-Khayr Khammar (a great physician). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Avicenna」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|