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Avifilopluma
Avifilopluma ("bird filoplumes") is a clade containing all animals with feathers. Unlike most clades, which are defined based on relative relationships, Avifilopluma is defined based on an ''apomorphy'', that is, a unique physical characteristic shared by one group and not found outside that group (in this case, feathers).
==Definition==
The clade Avifilopluma was created along with several other apomorphy-based clades relating to birds by Jacques Gauthier and Kevin de Queiroz in a 2001 paper. Their specific definition for the group was "the clade stemming from the first pan-avian with feathers homologous (synapomorphic) with those of ''Aves'' (''Vultur gryphus'' Linnaeus 1758)."〔Gauthier, J. and de Queiroz, K. (2001). "Feathered dinosaurs,flying dinosaurs, crown dinosaurs,and the name "Aves"". Pp. 7-41 in Gauthier, J. and L.F. Gall (eds.), ''New Perspectives on the Origin and Early Evolution of Birds: Proceedings of the International Symposium in Honor of John H. Ostrom''. New Haven: Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University. ISBN 0-912532-57-2.〕
The authors went on to define specifically what qualified as a "feather": Any filamentous structure arising from a follicle in the skin, with a hollow base, that shares common ancestry with the feathers of modern birds.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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