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The Ayaks ((ロシア語:АЯКС, meaning also 'Ajax')) is a hypersonic aircraft program started in the Soviet Union and currently under development in Russia〔Paul A. Czysz ''Future Spacecraft Propulsion Systems: Enabling Technologies for Space'', Springer, 2006, ISBN 3-540-23161-7 pp. 185-195 ()〕 by the Saint Petersburg Institute for the Hypersonic Systems of Leninets Holding Company. The concept of the aircraft was developed by Vladimir Freishtadt (Владимир Львович Фрайштадт) in the late 1980s as a response to the American Aurora aircraft program.〔("Ayaks", the hypersonic aircraft ) 〕 The Ayaks was initially supposed to be produced in three variants:〔 *As a platform for launching satellites into space; *As a multi-purpose hypersonic military aircraft; and *As a hypersonic transport aircraft. The design of the aircraft utilized a number of novel and controversial ideas that only in 1993 were officially recognized as conforming to modern science.〔 ==History== In the early 1980s, Soviet scientists began to explore a new type of aircraft. The Ayaks was to be a new Soviet spaceplane capable of flying and conducting a wide range of missions in the mesosphere, for both military and civilian purposes. The original concept was inspired by Lockheed's Aurora hypersonic reconnaissance aircraft project, but later was expanded into the wider concept of hypersonic multi-purpose military and civilian jets, as well as a platform for launching satellites. The mesosphere is the layer of the Earth's atmosphere from to high, above the stratosphere and below the thermosphere. It is very difficult to fly in the mesosphere — the air is too rarefied for aircraft wings to generate lift, but sufficiently dense to cause aerodynamic drag on satellites. In addition, parts of the mesosphere fall inside the ionosphere, meaning the air is ionized due to solar radiation. The ability to conduct military activities in the mesosphere gives a country some significant military potential. The aircraft might be planned to be used as a form of an asymmetrical response to SDI (U.S. President Ronald Reagan's Strategic Defense Initiative), since most of the planned anti-aircraft and anti-missile systems would not be effective in the mesosphere. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ayaks」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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