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Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya (city)
Ayutthaya (full name Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, (タイ語:พระนครศรีอยุธยา), ((Pronunciation )); also spelled "Ayudhya") city is the capital of Ayutthaya province in Thailand. Located in the valley of the Chao Phraya River, the city was founded in 1350 by King U Thong, who went there to escape a smallpox outbreak in Lop Buri and proclaimed it the capital of his kingdom, often referred to as the Ayutthaya kingdom or Siam. Ayutthaya became the second Siamese capital after Sukhothai.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/576 )〕 It is estimated that Ayutthaya by the year 1600 CE had a population of about 300,000, with the population perhaps reaching 1,000,000 around 1700 CE, making it one of the world's largest cities at that time,〔George Modelski, ''World Cities: –3000 to 2000'', Washington DC: FAROS 2000, 2003. ISBN 978-0-9676230-1-6. See also (Evolutionary World Politics Homepage ).〕 when it was sometimes known as the "Venice of the East".
In 1767, the city was destroyed by the Burmese army, resulting in the collapse of the kingdom. The ruins of the old city are preserved in the Ayutthaya historical park,〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Ayutthaya Historical Park )〕 which is recognised internationally as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The ruins, characterised by the ''prang'' (reliquary towers) and gigantic monasteries, give an idea of the city's past splendour.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Historic City of Ayutthaya )〕 Modern Ayutthaya was refounded a few kilometres to the east.
==Etymology==
Ayutthaya is named after the city of Ayodhya in India, the birthplace of Rama in the ''Ramayana'' (Thai, ''Ramakien''); (from Khmer: ព្រះ Preah) is a Thai royal and noble title; designates an important or capital city (from Sanskrit: Nagar); the Thai honorific ''sri'' or ''si'' is from the Indian term of veneration Sri.
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