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Adhan
The ''azhan'' ((アラビア語:أَذَان) (:ʔaˈðaːn)), (or ''azan'' as pronounced in Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan, ''ezan'' in Turkey, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Albania, Kosovo, ''azon'' in Uzbekistan, and ''baang'' in some regions of Pakistan, Kurdistan, India, and Aceh, Indonesia) is the Islamic call to worship, recited by the ''muezzin'' at prescribed times of the day. The root of the word is ''ʾadhina'' meaning "to listen, to hear, be informed about". Another derivative of this word is ''ʾudhun'' (أُذُن), meaning "ear".
''Azhan'' is called out by a ''muezzin'' from the mosque five times a day, traditionally from the minaret, summoning Muslims for mandatory (''fard'') worship (''salat''). A second call, known as ''iqama'', (set up) then summons Muslims to line up for the beginning of the prayers. The main purpose behind the multiple loud pronouncements of ''adhan'' in every mosque is to make available to everyone an easily intelligible summary of Islamic belief. It is intended to bring to the mind of every believer and non-believer the substance of Islamic beliefs, or its spiritual ideology. In modern times, loudspeakers have been installed on minarets for this purpose.
The ''adhan'' recites the ''Takbir'' (God is great)〔H Azodanloo (1992), Formalization of friday sermons and consolidation of the Islamic republic of Iran, Journal of Critical Studies of Iran & the Middle East, 1(1), 12-24〕 followed by the ''Shahada'' (There is no god but Allah, Muhammad is the messenger of Allah).〔N Mohammad (1985), The doctrine of jihad: An introduction, Journal of Law and Religion, 3(2): 381-397〕 This statement of faith, called the ''Kalimah'', is the first of the Five Pillars of Islam.
==Muezzin==
The Muezzin is the person who recites the adhan (azan) from the mosque. Typically in modern times, this is done using a microphone: a recitation that is consequently broadcast to the speakers usually mounted on the higher part of the mosque's minarets, thus calling those nearby to prayer. The Muezzin is the most notable person in the mosque; he is chosen for his talent and ability in reciting the adhan beautifully, melodiously and loudly for all Muslims to hear. This is perhaps one of the most important duties in the mosque, as his companions rely on him in his call for Muslims to come physically to pray. The Imam leads the prayer five times a day. The first Muezzin in Islam was Bilal Ibn Rabah, a black man.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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