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Azcapotzalco ( , , from ''āzcapōtzalli'' “anthill” + ''-co'' “place”; literally, “In the place of the anthills”) is one of the 16 ''delegaciones'' (boroughs) into which Mexico's Federal District is divided. Azcapotzalco is in the northwestern part of Mexico City. The town began in the pre Hispanic era and was the seat of the Tepanec dominion until the Aztec Triple Alliance overthrew it. After that it was a rural farming area becoming part of the Federal District of Mexico City in the mid 19th century. In the 20th century the area was engulfed by the urban sprawl of Mexico City. Today it is 100% urbanized and is a center of industry. While not the most socioeconomically marginalized part of the city, it does have problems with substandard housing and crime, especially in certain areas along with pollution and traffic. ==Geography and environment== The borough of Azcapotzalco is located in the Valley of Mexico with its eastern half on the lakebed of the former Lake Texcoco and the west on more solid ground. The historic center is on the former shoreline of this lake. The average altitude is 2240 meters above sea level. Politically, the borough is extends over 34.5km2 in the northwest of the Federal District of Mexico City, bordering the boroughs of Gustavo A. Madero, Cuauhtémoc, Miguel Hidalgo along with the municipalities of Tlalnepantla de Baz, and Naucalpan in the State of Mexico .〔 It has a semi moist temperate climate with an average temperature of 15C.〔 As the borough is 100% urbanized, there are no ecological reserves and it is divided into 2,723 city blocks.〔〔 There are 54 parks which have no wild vegetation but rather planted species such as willow, cedar and pine trees. These parks cover 100.51 hectares, which is 2.9% of the entire borough. The most important of these is Parque Tezozómoc and Alameda Norte, which together account for 52.4 hectares.〔 Parque Tezozomoc was inaugurated in 1982 designed as a scaled replica of the Valley of Basin of Mexico in the pre Hispanic era.〔 The Alamedia Norte park is located next to the Ferrería station. It has a pond which was used in the past as an ice rink and playing field but was rehabilitated in the 2000s. Other important green areas include community squares such as Plaza Hidalgo, sports centers, college campuses, especially that of the Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, community parks and even cemeteries. Sports facilities together cover about 67 hectares of the borough with seventy fields and sports centers open to the public. These include the Deportivo Renovacion Nacional, Deportivo Reynosa, Centro Deportivo Ferrocarrilero and the Unidad Deportiva Benito Juarez.〔 Deportivo Reynosa used to host one of Mexico City’s temporary “artificial beaches” consisting of pools and a sand area, which were constructed by the city government as a service to the poor. The borough has a number of cemeteries which are counted as green spaces, especially San Isidro because of its large size.〔 There is no surface water with the exeception of the Río de los Remedios which is primarily used for drainage of wastewater.〔 The lowering of water tables in the valley has led to large cracks developing in certain areas of the borough which has caused damage to infrastructure.〔 The borough is flat with inclines of between zero and five percent with no prominent elevations.〔〔 Because of its flatness, flooding is a problem in heavy rain, especially in areas such as Santiago Ahuizotla, Nueva Santa María, San Pedro Xalpa and Pro Hogar.〔 Sixty five percent of the borough is occupied by about 500 industries which use toxic substances. There are also hundreds of km of underground gas lines. Nine communities have been classified as high risk because they are surrounded by industries. There are 250 chemical producers mostly concentrated in Colonia Industrial Vallejo which make ethanol, cyanide compounds, phosphates, organic solvents and more.〔 Air pollution is a significant problem in the borough as it is in the rest of Mexico City. Most comes from vehicular traffic and industry and includes ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide and sulfur dioxide as well as suspended particles. Noise pollution is caused by industry and truck traffic.〔 Although the borough has no surface water, water pollution in its drainage is a problem not only from residential areas but also from industry. Industry contamination is mostly in the form of poor water usage and the dumping of prime materials often from cleaning and includes organic matter, grease, soaps and detergents, dyes, solvents and more. Solid waste production is a problem from both industrial and residential sources. The amount of waste produced in the borough has grown almost seven-fold since the 1980s at a current rate of 571 tons per day.〔 Due to the proximity of the old 18 de Marzo refinery (which was part of the borough), there are many underground pipes some of which are still in use. Even more are associated with another nearby but active refinery Terminal de Almacenamiento y Distribución de Destiados de Pemex-Refinación. Most pipelines are found under Avenida Tezozomoc, 5 de Mayo, Salónica, Eje 3 Norte, Ferrocarril Central and Encarnación Ortiz.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Azcapotzalco」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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