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| image_flag = Flag of Azerbaijan.svg | alt_flag = Three equally sized horizontal bands of blue, red, and green, with a white crescent and an eight-pointed star centered in the red band | image_coat = Coat of arms of Azerbaijan.svg | symbol_type = Emblem | image_map = Azerbaijan (orthographic projection).svg | map_caption = Location of Azerbaijan. | capital = Baku | latd=40 |latm=25 |latNS=N |longd=49 |longm=50 |longEW=E | largest_city = capital | official_languages = Azerbaijani | demonym = Azerbaijani | government_type = Dominant-party presidential republic | leader_title1 = President | leader_name1 = Ilham Aliyev | leader_title2 = Prime Minister | leader_name2 = Artur Rasizade | legislature = National Assembly | sovereignty_type = Formation | established_event1 = Democratic Republic | established_date1 = 28 May 1918 | established_event2 = Soviet Socialist Republic | established_date2 = 28 April 1920 | established_event3 = | established_date3 = 30 August 1991 (declared) 18 October 1991 (independence) | established_event4 = | established_date4 = 12 November 1995 | area_km2 = 86600 | area_sq_mi = 33436 | area_rank = 114th | percent_water = 1.6 | population_estimate = 9,624,900〔(azadlıq saytı ): (demoqrafik vəziyyət ) – xəbərin yayınlanma tarixi: 11 iyun 2015〕 | population_estimate_year = 2015 | population_estimate_rank = 89th | population_density_km2 = 105.8 | population_density_sq_mi = 274.1 | population_density_rank = 103rd | GDP_PPP_year = 2015 | GDP_PPP = $168.4 billion〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Azerbaijan )〕 | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $17,500〔 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = $87.763 billion〔 | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_year = 2015 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $9,278〔 | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | Gini_year = 2008 | Gini_change = | Gini = 33.7 | Gini_ref =〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Gini Index )〕 | Gini_rank = | HDI_year = 2013 | HDI_change = decease | HDI = 0.747 | HDI_ref = | HDI_rank = 76th | currency = Manat (₼) | currency_code = AZN | time_zone = AZT (UTC+04) | utc_offset_DST = +5 | drives_on = right | calling_code = 994 | cctld = .az |footnote_a = The Nagorno-Karabakh Republic is an unrecognised ''de facto'' sovereign state, widely considered ''de jure'' part of Azerbaijan. }} Azerbaijan ( ; (アゼルバイジャン語:Azərbaycan) ), officially the Republic of Azerbaijan ((アゼルバイジャン語:Azərbaycan Respublikası)), is a transcontinental country in the Caucasus region, situated at the crossroads of Eastern Europe and Western Asia.〔While often politically aligned with Europe, Azerbaijan is generally considered to be at least mostly in Southwest Asia geographically with its northern part bisected by the standard Asia-Europe divide, the Greater Caucasus. The United Nations (classification of world regions ) places Azerbaijan in Western Asia; the CIA World Factbook places it mostly in Southwest Asia () and ''(Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary )'' places it in both; (NationalGeographic.com ), and ''(Encyclopædia Britannica )'' also place Georgia in Asia. Conversely, some sources place Azerbaijan in Europe such as (Worldatlas.com ).〕 It is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia to the west and Iran to the south. The exclave of Nakhchivan is bounded by Armenia to the north and east, Iran to the south and west, while having a short border with Turkey in the northwest. The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic proclaimed its independence in 1918 and became the first Muslim-majority democratic and secular republic.〔Tadeusz Swietochowski. Russia and Azerbaijan: A Borderland in Transition. Columbia University Press, 1995. ISBN 0-231-07068-3, ISBN 978-0-231-07068-3 and Reinhard Schulze. A Modern History of the Islamic World. I.B.Tauris, 2000. ISBN 1-86064-822-3, ISBN 978-1-86064-822-9.〕 It was also the first Muslim-majority country after Egypt to have operas, theaters and modern universities. The country was incorporated into the Soviet Union in 1920 as the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic.〔 Azerbaijan proclaimed its independence on 30 August 1991, before the official dissolution of the USSR. In September 1991, the disputed Armenian-majority Nagorno-Karabakh region re-affirmed its willingness to create a separate state as the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic.〔Zürcher, Christoph (2007). The Post-Soviet Wars: Rebellion, Ethnic Conflict, and Nationhood in the Caucasus ((). ed.). New York: New York University Press. p. 168. ISBN 978-0814797099.〕 The region, effectively independent since the beginning of the Nagorno-Karabakh War in 1991, is internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan until a final solution to its status is found through negotiations facilitated by the OSCE. Azerbaijan is a unitary constitutional presidential republic. The country is a member state of the Council of Europe, the OSCE and the NATO Partnership for Peace (PfP) program. It is one of the six independent Turkic-speaking states, being an active member of the Turkic Council and the TÜRKSOY community. Azerbaijan has diplomatic relations with 158 countries and holds membership in 38 international organizations. It is one of the founding members of GUAM, the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons. A member of the United Nations since 1992, Azerbaijan was elected to membership in the newly established Human Rights Council by the United Nations General Assembly on 9 May 2006 (the term of office began on 19 June 2006). Azerbaijan is also a member state of the Non-Aligned Movement, holds observer status in World Trade Organization and is a correspondent at the International Telecommunication Union.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/05/24/the-non-aligned-engagement.html )〕 The Constitution of Azerbaijan does not declare an official religion, and all major political forces in the country are secularist, but the majority of people and some opposition movements adhere to Shia Islam. Azerbaijan has a high level of human development which ranks on par with most Eastern European countries.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher = United Nations Development Programme )〕 It has a high rate of economic development and literacy,〔(Literacy rate among schoolchildren in Azerbaijan is 100% – UN report ) – News.Az – Published 28 October 2011.〕 as well as a low rate of unemployment.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher = The State Statistical Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan )〕 However, corruption in Azerbaijan is widespread, especially in the public service.〔(''Azerbaijan and the 2013 presidential election'' UK Parliament briefing paper, 25 October 2013 )〕 The ruling party, New Azerbaijan Party, has been accused of authoritarianism and human rights abuses.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher = CIA World Factbook )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher = Human Rights Watch )〕 ==Etymology== According to a modern etymology, the name of Azerbaijan derives from that of ''Atropates'', a Persian satrap under the Achaemenid Empire, who was later reinstated as the satrap of Media under Alexander the Great. The original etymology of this name is thought to have its roots in the once-dominant Zoroastrian religion. In the Avesta, Frawardin Yasht ("Hymn to the Guardian Angels"), there is a mention of ''âterepâtahe ashaonô fravashîm ýazamaide'', which literally translates from Avestan as "we worship the Fravashi of the holy Atropatene." Atropates ruled over the region of Atropatene (present Iranian Azerbaijan). The name "Atropates" itself is the Greek transliteration of an Old Iranian, probably Median, compounded name with the meaning "Protected by the (Holy) Fire" or "The Land of the (Holy) Fire."〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher = U.S. Library of Congress )〕 The Greek name is mentioned by Diodorus Siculus and Strabo. Over the span of millennia the name evolved to ''Āturpātākān'' then to ''Ādharbādhagān'', ''Ādharbāyagān'', ''Āzarbāydjān'' and present-day ''Azerbaijan'' (in Armenia, the country is called ''Adrbejan'', yet another archaic form). Ultimately, the name ''Azerbaijan'' comes from ''Azar-Payegan''. This word is translatable as ''Guardian of Fire'', "The Treasury" and "The Treasurer" of fire or "The Land of Fire"〔 in Modern Persian.〔In dictionaries: F. Steingass: (āẕar-bād-gān ),(āẕar-abād-gūn ),(āẕar, āẕur ),(ādar ),(bāygān ),(pāy ). Dehkhoda: (آذربایجان/Âzarbâyjân ),(آذربایگان/Âzarbâygân ),(آذربادگان/Âzarbâdegân ),(آذر/Âzar ),(آدر/Âdar ),(بایگان/Bâygân ),(بادگان/Bâdegân ),(-پای/pây- ),(گان-/-gân )((جان-/-jân )) 〕 The name was changed to ''Azerbaijan'' following Arab conquest in the 7th century AD, where Arabic lacked the letters of ''G'' and ''P'', thus the spelling of ''Azer-payegan'' was modified to reflect this. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Azerbaijan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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