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Azhdarcho
''Azhdarcho'' is a genus of pterodactyloid pterosaur from the late Cretaceous Period of the Bissekty Formation (middle Turonian stage,〔Averianov, A.O. (2010). "(The osteology of ''Azhdarcho lancicollis'' Nessov, 1984 (Pterosauria, Azhdarchidae) from the Late Cretaceous of Uzbekistan )." ''Proceedings of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences'', 314(3): 246-317.〕 about 92 million years ago) of Uzbekistan. It is known from fragmentary remains including the distinctive, elongated neck vertebrae that characterizes members of the family Azhdarchidae, which also includes such giant pterosaurs as ''Quetzalcoatlus''. The name ''Azhdarcho'' comes from the Persian word ''azhdarhā'' (:اژدرها), the name of a dragon in Persian mythology.〔(latimes.com ). accessed: 26th August 2014.〕 The type species is ''Azhdarcho lancicollis''. The specific epithet ''lancicollis'' is derived from the Latin words ''lancea'' (meaning "lance" or "spear") and ''collum'' ("neck").
==History==
The fossil remains of ''Azhdarcho'' were recovered in the Kyzyl Kum desert (from the Taykarshinskaya unit of the Bissekty Formation) by Lev A. Nesov during expeditions to Central Asia in 1974-1981. The type specimen, given the catalog number TsNIGRmuzey 1/11915, consists of an anterior neck vertebra. Twelve paratypes were referred, including several other neck vertebrae, elements from the wing and leg, and pieces of the jaw. These specimens, along with other vertebrate fossils collected during the expeditions, were deposited at the F.N. Chernyshev Central Geologic Exploration Museum in St. Petersberg.〔Nesov, L. A. (1984). ''Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal'', 1984(1), 47-57.〕
In his description of the type specimen of ''Azhdarcho lancicollis'', Nesov noted its distinctive neck vertebrae, which are extremely elongated and round in cross section at mid-length. He pointed out similar characteristics in several other pterosaurs, and used them to erect the new subfamily Azhdarchinae, within the Pteranodontidae. Nesov also referred ''Quetzalcoatlus'' and ''Arambourgiania'' (then known as ''Titanopteryx'') to this subfamily, which was subsequently re-classified as the family Azhdarchidae. He also suggested that similar, thin-walled pterosaur bones from the Lance Formation of Wyoming could be assigned to a species of ''Azhdarcho'', using this as evidence of commonalities between the fauna of Late Cretaceous central Asia and western North America. However, subsequent research has not followed this suggestion, and ''A. lancicollis'' is the only currently recognized species of ''Azhdarcho''.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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