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The BTR-152 (also known as BTR-140) was a non-amphibious Soviet wheeled armored personnel carrier (БТР, from Бронетранспортер/''Bronetransporter'', literally "armoured transporter") († )) that entered Soviet service in 1950. By the early 1970s, it had been replaced in the infantry vehicle role by the BTR-60. However, it remained in service in the Soviet Army and the Russian Army until 1993 in a variety of other roles. It was also exported to many Third World countries. ==History== Tanks are an essential element of armed maneuver warfare. Yet, even this high-value, powerful weapon remains vulnerable to infantry anti-tank tactics especially in urban or confined environments. Hence, infantry accompany tanks to assist in suppressing possible anti-tank action. During the Second World War, the Soviet tacticians incorporated joint infantry and tank attacks against German forces, both serving in roles to protect the other. Performance was less than desirable as the infantry lacked the armored protection and rapid mobility of the tank, and thus unarmoured troops were vulnerable to enemy fire. This led to the employment of armoured infantry carriage vehicles known as APCs which overcame these shortcomings.(Perrett 1987:65) After the war, the Soviet military analysed the high infantry casualty rate of combined infantry-tank attacks and concluded that the lack of APCs was a major cause. A remedy to this vulnerability in maneuver warfare was given high priority. The Soviet military industrial complex had Lend-Lease vehicles, such as the M3 Half-track and captured German Hanomag SdKfz 251s, to serve as references. (Perrett 1987:65) The BTR-152 was one of the first Soviet armoured infantry vehicle after the Second World War. It was developed from November 1946 at ZiS plant by a team (it included K. M. Androsow, A. P. Pietrenko, W. F. Rodionow and P. P. Czerniajew)〔 led by B. M. Fitterman. The first two prototypes were completed in May 1947 and were followed by three experimental series. The vehicle was adopted by the Soviet Army on 24 March 1950. The vehicle was based on the existing ZiS-151 truck chassis. Despite an improved engine, the addition of 5 tons of armour resulted in the vehicle having insufficient mobility. Several upgraded versions, which later entered production, were designed by W. F. Rodionow and N. I. Orłow.〔 These rectified many problems, such as the open roof and the mobility issue. A central tire pressure regulation system was added to allow tire pressure to be adjusted to optimize traction in varying terrain. BTR-152 production was stopped in 1962. Approximately 15,000 examples were built. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「BTR-152」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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