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Asturian (; autonym: ''asturianu'' ,〔Art. 1 de la (Ley 1/1998, de 23 de marzo, de uso y promoción del bable/asturiano/Law 1/93, of March 23, on the Use and Promotion of the Asturian Language ).〕 or ''bable'' ) is a Romance language of the West Iberian group, Astur-Leonese subgroup, spoken in Asturias (Spain). Asturian is part of a wider linguistic group known as Astur-Leonese languages. The current number of speakers of Asturian is estimated at about 100,000 first-language speakers and 450,000 second-language speakers.〔(Ethnologue report for Asturian )〕 There are three predominant variants in the Astur-Leonese linguistic domain (Western, Central and Eastern), although in the case of Asturias, for historical and demographic reasons, the standard is based on Central Asturian. Asturian has a grammar, a dictionary of the Asturian language, and an orthography. It is regulated by the Academy of the Asturian Language, and even though it is not an official language of Spain,〔(http://www.elcomerciodigital.com/gijon/20090112/local/asturias/miembro-andecha-astur-enfrenta-200901121726.html )〕 it is protected under the autonomous statute legislation and is an optional language at schools.〔See: (Euromosaic report )〕 ==History== Astur-Leonese is the autochthonous language of Asturias (Spain) and some parts of the provinces of León and Zamora (Spain) and the area surrounding the city of Miranda do Douro (Portugal) (see (Ethnologue map )). Like other Romance languages in the Iberian peninsula, it developed out of the break-up of unified Latin in the early Middle Ages. In historical terms, Asturian became closely linked with the ancient Kingdom of Asturias (718–910) and the ensuing Asturian-Leonese or Leonese kingdom. The language developed from Vulgar Latin, with contributions from the pre-Roman languages which were spoken in the territory of the Astures, an ancient Hispano-Celtic tribe of the Iberian peninsula, as well as from the post-Roman Germanic languages of the Visigoths and Suevi. The passage from Latin to Asturian was slow and progressive, and for a long period both co-existed in a diglossic relationship, first in the Kingdom of Asturias and later in that of Asturias and Leon. In the 12th, 13th and part of the 14th centuries, the language used in official documents of the kingdom was Astur-Leonese. Many examples can be found of agreements, donations, wills, commercial contracts, etc. written in the language from that period onwards. Although there are no extant literary works written in Asturian in this period, it is known that some books, such as the ''Llibru d'Alexandre'', and also ''Fueru d'Avilés'' (1155)〔http://cvc.cervantes.es/lengua/thesaurus/pdf/04/TH_04_003_141_0.pdf〕〔(http://arqueologiaypatrimonio.blogspot.com.es/2009/12/el-ayuntamiento-adquiere-una.html )〕 had Asturian sources. Castilian (Spanish) came to the area later, in the 14th century, when the central administration sent emissaries and functionaries to occupy political and ecclesiastical offices. Nowadays, Asturian codification of Astur-Leonese spoken in the Asturian Autonomous Community has become a modern language, after the birth of the Academy of the Asturian Language (''Academia Asturiana de la Llingua'') in 1980. The Leonese dialects and Mirandese are close to Asturian. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Asturian language」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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